Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

宇宙大尺度结构的测量

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05257
• 负责人: Halpern, Mark
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633085
• 关键词: Measurement; large; scale; structure; Universe

Acoustic processes in the plasma which filled the Universe for the first 380,000 years, until it became transparent at redshift 1,000 have left two important signatures. They form the recognizable pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also lead to an an enhancement seen in the density of galaxies on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing sensitive experiments which require the invention of new apparatus and also of providing an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers.The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. Our measurements with WMAP, the highest cited body of work in any branch of science over the past decade, have established the age, density, flatness, and contents of the Universe with percent precision. They provide the best upper limits on the mass of neutrinos and the clearest evidence for dark energy. WMAP is credited with establishing the age of precision cosmology. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it.ACT has added polarization capability to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe and sharpen our understanding of more recent structures formation. We propose to add more frequency coverage and survey the entire sky accessible to the LSST with five times better angular resolution than Planck.CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. Our 40m square prototype will provide crucial performance tests and a useful measurement of the hydrogen itensity power spectrum over the next year. We will build the full instrument, 100mx100m, in 2014-2016. CHIME is the highest rated medium scale facility in the Canadian astronomy community's decadal plan.Instrumentation:Readout electronics which we built for SCUBA-2, have become the standard tool in a revolution in capabilities of large format bolometer arrays and are in use around the world. The CMB experiments include ACT, ABS, CLASS, Bicep, Spider, PIPER and Spud. Submillimeter instruments include SCUBA-2, ZSpec, Gizmo-II and a Goddard instrument for Sofia. NIST have used these readout electronics for homeland security to search for non-metallic weapons. The CHIME team has developed state-of-the-art low noise receivers and a sophisticated digital correlator whose throughput is sufficient to handle all of the phone calls in North America all the time.HQP:My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and to their use in groundbreaking experiment. Three of my former post docs are now professors at major research universities. Five of my former Research Associates hold senior jobs in BC high technology firms. CHIME has attracted many talented young researchers into Canadian Radio Astronomy.

在最初的38万年里，等离子体充满了宇宙，直到它在红移1,000处变得透明，其中的声学过程留下了两个重要的特征。它们在微波波长下形成了天空亮度和偏振变化的可识别模式，即宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们还导致在非常大的尺度上星系密度的增强。这里提出的研究是继续我们的计划，对这些声波纹进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循我们在WMAP上采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队共同完成整个项目，从概念，仪器设计和观察到分析科学结果。我们已经证明了一个优秀的跟踪记录与他的方法进行敏感的实验，需要发明新的仪器，也提供了一个很好的设置为年轻的研究人员和工程师的培训。宇宙微波背景：测量的各向异性和偏振的CMB提供精确的宇宙学测试。我们对WMAP的测量是过去十年中任何分支科学中被引用次数最多的工作，它以百分之十的精度确定了宇宙的年龄、密度、平坦度和内容。它们提供了中微子质量的最佳上限和暗能量最清晰的证据。WMAP被认为建立了精确宇宙学的时代。利用阿塔卡玛宇宙学望远镜（ACT），我们将CMB测量的角分辨率提高了五倍，首次探测到了CMB的引力透镜效应，并首次测量了与之相比的星系团的运动。ACT增加了偏振能力，以研究早期宇宙中驱动膨胀的机制，并加深了我们对更近结构形成的理解。我们建议增加更多的频率覆盖范围和调查的整个天空访问的LSST的五倍更好的角分辨率比Planck.CHIME：我是PI的CHIME，一种新型的射电望远镜，致力于研究重子声学振荡的红移范围从0.8到2.5，当暗能量成为宇宙中占主导地位的时代。我们的40平方米的原型将在明年提供关键的性能测试和氢强度功率谱的有用测量。我们将在2014-2016年建造完整的仪器，100 mx 100 m。CHIME是加拿大天文学界十年计划中评价最高的中型设施。仪器：我们为SCUBA-2建造的读出电子设备已经成为大格式测辐射热计阵列能力革命的标准工具，并在世界各地使用。CMB实验包括ACT、ABS、CLASS、Bicep、Spider、PIPER和Spud。亚毫米仪器包括SCUBA-2，ZSpec，Gizmo-II和索菲亚的戈达德仪器。NIST已将这些读出电子设备用于国土安全，以搜索非金属武器。CHIME团队开发了最先进的低噪声接收器和复杂的数字相关器，其吞吐量足以随时处理北美所有的电话。HQP：我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，年轻的研究人员可以接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期，并在开创性的实验中使用它们。我以前的三个博士后现在是主要研究型大学的教授。我的五位前研究助理在不列颠哥伦比亚省的高科技公司担任高级职务。CHIME吸引了许多有才华的年轻研究人员进入加拿大射电天文学。