Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

等离子体在最初的38万年里充满了宇宙，直到它在红移1000时变得透明，其中的声波过程留下了两个重要的特征。它们在微波波段形成了天空中可识别的亮度和偏振变化模式，即宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们还导致了在非常大的尺度上星系密度的增强。这里提出的研究是继续我们的项目，对这些声波纹进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循了我们在WMAP中采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队一起完成整个项目，从概念、仪器设计、观察到分析到科学结果。我们已经证明了他在进行敏感实验方面的良好记录，这些实验需要发明新的仪器，也为年轻的研究人员和工程师提供了良好的培训环境。宇宙微波背景：测量宇宙微波背景的各向异性和极化提供了精确的宇宙学测试。在过去的十年里，WMAP是所有科学分支中被引用最多的工作，我们的测量以百分之百的精度确定了宇宙的年龄、密度、平坦度和内容。它们为中微子的质量提供了最好的上限，也为暗能量的存在提供了最清晰的证据。WMAP被认为是精确宇宙学时代的奠基人。利用阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜（ACT），我们将CMB测量扩展到比普朗克望远镜高5倍的角度分辨率，首次探测到CMB的引力透镜效应，并首次测量了星系团与之相比的运动。ACT增加了极化能力，以研究早期宇宙中推动暴胀的机制，并加深我们对最近结构形成的理解。我们建议增加更多的频率覆盖范围，并以比普朗克高5倍的角度分辨率调查LSST可访问的整个天空。CHIME：我是CHIME的负责人，CHIME是一种新型射电望远镜，致力于研究0.8到2.5红移范围内的重子声学振荡，这是暗能量在宇宙中占据主导地位的时期。我们的4000平方米的原型将在明年提供关键的性能测试和氢强度功率谱的有用测量。我们将在2014-2016年建成100米× 100米的完整仪器。CHIME是加拿大天文学界十年计划中评级最高的中型设施。仪器：我们为SCUBA-2建造的读出电子设备已成为大格式测热计阵列能力革命的标准工具，并在世界各地使用。CMB实验包括ACT、ABS、CLASS、Bicep、Spider、PIPER和Spud。亚毫米仪器包括SCUBA-2， ZSpec， Gizmo-II和索菲亚的戈达德仪器。国家标准与技术研究所已经使用这些读出电子设备为国土安全搜索非金属武器。CHIME团队开发了最先进的低噪音接收器和复杂的数字相关器，其吞吐量足以处理北美所有的电话。HQP：我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，年轻的研究人员可以接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期，并在突破性的实验中使用它们。我以前的三位博士后现在是主要研究型大学的教授。我以前的五位研究助理都在BC省的高科技公司担任高级职位。CHIME吸引了许多有才华的年轻研究人员进入加拿大射电天文学。

Acoustic processes in the plasma which filled the Universe for the first 380,000 years, until it became transparent at redshift 1,000 have left two important signatures. They form the recognizable pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also lead to an an enhancement seen in the density of galaxies on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing sensitive experiments which require the invention of new apparatus and also of providing an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers.The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. Our measurements with WMAP, the highest cited body of work in any branch of science over the past decade, have established the age, density, flatness, and contents of the Universe with percent precision. They provide the best upper limits on the mass of neutrinos and the clearest evidence for dark energy. WMAP is credited with establishing the age of precision cosmology. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it.ACT has added polarization capability to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe and sharpen our understanding of more recent structures formation. We propose to add more frequency coverage and survey the entire sky accessible to the LSST with five times better angular resolution than Planck.CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. Our 40m square prototype will provide crucial performance tests and a useful measurement of the hydrogen itensity power spectrum over the next year. We will build the full instrument, 100mx100m, in 2014-2016. CHIME is the highest rated medium scale facility in the Canadian astronomy community's decadal plan.Instrumentation:Readout electronics which we built for SCUBA-2, have become the standard tool in a revolution in capabilities of large format bolometer arrays and are in use around the world. The CMB experiments include ACT, ABS, CLASS, Bicep, Spider, PIPER and Spud. Submillimeter instruments include SCUBA-2, ZSpec, Gizmo-II and a Goddard instrument for Sofia. NIST have used these readout electronics for homeland security to search for non-metallic weapons. The CHIME team has developed state-of-the-art low noise receivers and a sophisticated digital correlator whose throughput is sufficient to handle all of the phone calls in North America all the time.HQP:My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and to their use in groundbreaking experiment. Three of my former post docs are now professors at major research universities. Five of my former Research Associates hold senior jobs in BC high technology firms. CHIME has attracted many talented young researchers into Canadian Radio Astronomy.