Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

等离子体中的声学过程在最初的38万年里充满了宇宙，直到它在红移1000时变得透明，留下了两个重要的特征。它们形成了天空在微波波长下亮度和偏振变化的可识别模式，即宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们还导致了超大规模星系密度的增强。这里提出的研究是为了继续我们的计划，对这些声学涟漪进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循了我们对WMAP采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队共同致力于整个项目，从构思、仪器设计和观察到分析到科学结果。我们用他的方法证明了他的良好记录，他进行需要发明新仪器的敏感实验，并为年轻研究人员和工程师的培训提供了良好的环境。宇宙微波背景：测量CMB的各向异性和偏振提供了精确的宇宙学测试。我们用WMAP进行了测量，这是过去十年来被引用最多的科学分支工作，以百分比的精度确定了宇宙的年龄、密度、平坦度和内容物。它们为中微子的质量提供了最佳的上限，也为暗能量提供了最清晰的证据。WMAP被认为是建立精密宇宙学时代的功臣。利用阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜(ACT)，我们已经将CMB的测量扩展到比普朗克高5倍的角分辨率，首次探测到CMB的引力透镜，并首次测量了与之相比的星系团的运动。ACT增加了偏振能力，以研究在非常早期的宇宙中驱动膨胀的机制，并加深我们对更近的结构形成的理解。我们建议增加更多的频率覆盖范围，并以比Planck更高五倍的角分辨率测量LSST可以到达的整个天空。CHIME：我是CHME的PI，这是一台致力于研究从0.8到2.5红移范围内的重子声振荡的新型射电望远镜，红移是暗能量在宇宙中占据主导地位的时期。我们的4万平方英尺的样机将在明年提供关键的性能测试和有用的氢密度功率谱测量。我们将在2014-2016年间建造100mx100米的完整仪器。CHINE是加拿大天文界十年计划中评级最高的中型设备。仪器：我们为Scuba-2制造的读出电子设备已经成为大格式测辐射热计阵列能力革命的标准工具，并在世界各地使用。CMB的实验包括ACT、ABS、CLASS、BICEP、SPIDER、Piper和SPUD。亚毫米仪器包括Scuba-2，ZSpec，Gizmo-II和索非亚的Goddard仪器。NIST使用这些用于国土安全的读出电子设备来搜索非金属武器。CHINE团队开发了最先进的低噪声接收器和复杂的数字相关器，其吞吐量足以随时处理北美的所有电话。HQP：我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，让年轻的研究人员接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期，并将其用于开创性的实验。我以前的三个博士后现在是主要研究型大学的教授。我的五位前研究助理在卑诗省的高科技公司担任高级职位。CHINE吸引了许多有才华的年轻研究人员加入加拿大射电天文学。

Acoustic processes in the plasma which filled the Universe for the first 380,000 years, until it became transparent at redshift 1,000 have left two important signatures. They form the recognizable pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also lead to an an enhancement seen in the density of galaxies on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing sensitive experiments which require the invention of new apparatus and also of providing an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers.The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. Our measurements with WMAP, the highest cited body of work in any branch of science over the past decade, have established the age, density, flatness, and contents of the Universe with percent precision. They provide the best upper limits on the mass of neutrinos and the clearest evidence for dark energy. WMAP is credited with establishing the age of precision cosmology. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it.ACT has added polarization capability to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe and sharpen our understanding of more recent structures formation. We propose to add more frequency coverage and survey the entire sky accessible to the LSST with five times better angular resolution than Planck.CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. Our 40m square prototype will provide crucial performance tests and a useful measurement of the hydrogen itensity power spectrum over the next year. We will build the full instrument, 100mx100m, in 2014-2016. CHIME is the highest rated medium scale facility in the Canadian astronomy community's decadal plan.Instrumentation:Readout electronics which we built for SCUBA-2, have become the standard tool in a revolution in capabilities of large format bolometer arrays and are in use around the world. The CMB experiments include ACT, ABS, CLASS, Bicep, Spider, PIPER and Spud. Submillimeter instruments include SCUBA-2, ZSpec, Gizmo-II and a Goddard instrument for Sofia. NIST have used these readout electronics for homeland security to search for non-metallic weapons. The CHIME team has developed state-of-the-art low noise receivers and a sophisticated digital correlator whose throughput is sufficient to handle all of the phone calls in North America all the time.HQP:My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and to their use in groundbreaking experiment. Three of my former post docs are now professors at major research universities. Five of my former Research Associates hold senior jobs in BC high technology firms. CHIME has attracted many talented young researchers into Canadian Radio Astronomy.