Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

宇宙大尺度结构的测量

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06412
• 负责人: Halpern, Mark
• 金额: $ 6.92万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716113
• 关键词: Measurement; large; scale; structure; Universe

Acoustic processes in the plasma filling the Universe for the first 380,000 years have left two important signatures. They form a pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also form density bubbles on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing important sensitive experiments . Within the past year I have won the Breakthrough Prize (the so-called Oscars of Science) the Beals Award from CASCA (their highest award) and was named a 'Human of the Year' by Motherboard Magazine. This experimental approach provides an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers. The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than those of WMAP and Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it. With the data we propose to collect with this proposal the ACT data will provide useful constraints on neutrino masses and Hubble's constant. With Bicep, operating at the South Pole, we have produced the most sensitive maps of polarization of the CMB to date, allowing us to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe through their unique gravitational radiation polarization signature. CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. We completed construction of the instrument in September 2017. We expect useful measurements of the hydrogen intensity power spectrum over the period of this grant. We have also built receivers for CHIME which allow it to search the sky for radio-transients, the so-called Fast Radio Bursts, and to measure signals from nearly all known pulsars in the Northern sky without interrupting the cosmological survey. These instruments are working well and will produce data early in the period of this research grant. HQP: My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and their use in groundbreaking experiments. This is reflected in a high rate of HQP trainees taking faculty positions at major universities and key high tech positions in industry.

在最初的38万年里，充满宇宙的等离子体中的声学过程留下了两个重要的特征。它们在微波波长的天空中形成一种亮度和偏振变化的模式，即宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们也会在非常大的尺度上形成密度气泡。 这里提出的研究是继续我们的计划，对这些声波纹进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循我们在WMAP上采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队共同完成整个项目，从概念，仪器设计和观察到分析科学结果。我们已经证明了他的方法进行重要的敏感实验的良好记录。 在过去的一年里，我获得了突破奖（所谓的科学奥斯卡），CASCA的比尔斯奖（他们的最高奖项），并被主板杂志评为“年度人物”。 这种实验方法为年轻研究人员和工程师的培训提供了一个很好的环境。 宇宙微波背景： 测量CMB的各向异性和偏振提供了精确的宇宙学测试。 与阿塔卡玛宇宙望远镜（ACT），我们已经扩展到五倍以上的角分辨率比WMAP和普朗克的CMB测量，作出了第一次检测的引力透镜的CMB和第一次测量的星系团的运动相比，it.With的数据，我们建议收集与此建议的ACT数据将提供有用的约束中微子质量和哈勃常数。 通过在南极运行的Bicep，我们制作了迄今为止最敏感的CMB偏振图，使我们能够研究通过其独特的引力辐射偏振特征在非常早期的宇宙中驱动膨胀的机制。 CHIME： 我是CHIME的PI，CHIME是一种新型射电望远镜，致力于研究红移范围从0.8到2.5的重子声学振荡，这是暗能量在宇宙中占主导地位的时代。 我们于二零一七年九月完成仪器的建造。我们希望在此期间的氢强度功率谱有用的测量。 我们还为CHIME建造了接收器，使其能够搜索天空中的无线电瞬变，即所谓的快速无线电爆发，并测量北方天空中几乎所有已知的恒星的信号，而不会中断宇宙学调查。 这些工具运行良好，将在本研究补助金发放初期产生数据。 HQP： 我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，让年轻的研究人员接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期及其在开创性实验中的使用。 这反映在HQP学员在主要大学担任教师职位和工业中的关键高科技职位的比例很高。