Smart Material Transducers and Applications to In Vivo Microsystems

带有嵌入式传感器和执行器的微系统，或微机电系统（MEMS），已经开发出更多的功能，可以以微创的方式治疗和监测体内病变。然而，它们在生物环境中使用的重大障碍包括它们与三维（3D）组织的无效相互作用，这是由它们的平面形式引起的，与它们的设计复杂性相关的脆弱性，以及生物相容性问题，导致设备的性能严重受阻或故障。基于mems的植入物在许多情况下仍然太大，包括血管应用。此外，无线操作对植入式微系统至关重要。应对这些挑战需要突破性的方法。

Microsystems with embedded sensors and actuators, or micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), have developed increased functionalities that could allow the treatment and monitoring of lesions inside the body in a minimally invasive manner. However, significant barriers to their use in biological environment include their ineffective interaction with three dimensional (3D) tissues caused by their planar forms, fragility associated with their design complexity, and biocompatibility issues, leading to severely hindered performance or malfunctions of the devices. MEMS-based implants are still too large in many cases including vascular applications. Moreover, wireless operation is essential for implantable microsystems. Addressing these challenges require breakthrough approaches.