Increasing Adoption of Electric and Electric Hybrid Vehicles through Consumer Relevant Powertrain Improvements and Characterization

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There are many positive reasons for the ever increasing electrification of vehicles in the form of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), and battery or pure electric vehicles (BEVs). Unfortunately, for pragmatic, policy, and behavioural reasons electrified vehicles sales are generally low to moderate. At the centre of all electrified vehicle benefits and drawbacks is the vehicle battery. Much battery research exists and continues but mostly at the cell and lab level. At the module (multiple cells) and pack (multiple modules) level the research is far less, and much of what does exists tends to remain confidential within industry for business competition reasons. One clearly deficient area in the literature is with regards to vehicle battery ‘pack’ internal temperature and lifetime degradation behaviour, and its impact on electrified vehicle model-based design. A second literature deficiency is effective approaches to convincing the vehicle consumer on the benefits of electrified vehicles.