Novel computational and experimental wind engineering approaches for community level performance assessment

加拿大多样化的地理和气候使我们的社区面临龙卷风和飓风等风的危害。由于基础设施老化、人口增长和气候变化，这一问题进一步加剧。为了维护我们社区的安全和繁荣，制定一个全面的框架来评估和减轻极端气候的影响至关重要。在这项研究计划中，将开发新的计算机模型和大规模的实验方法，以评估社区一级建筑物的风性能。这种方法是独一无二的，因为它考虑了渐进失效的空气动力学以及覆层、结构系统、单个建筑物和社区的相互依赖性。为了实现这些目标，提出了以下三个研究目标：*（1）计算机和实验风流建模和可视化：本目标提出了新的发展，在前处理，系统建模和后处理阶段。在预处理阶段，在无人驾驶飞行器上安装的各种遥感传感器和从卫星获得的遥感传感器的帮助下，将自动生成城市中的三维建筑布局。在系统建模阶段，详细的计算机和实验为基础的方法来模拟湍流风（和风驱动雨）及其与建筑物的相互作用将被开发。在后处理一级，将开发用户友好的数据分析/挖掘和可视化。 * （2）建筑物和社区的渐进式空气动力学和流体动力学：在这里，（1）中开发的计算机模型将在不同的开发水平上与建筑信息建模（BIM）相结合。由于BIM模型将包括建筑物的所有部分，因此可以详细建模损坏状态。与此同时，新兴的3D打印技术和大型风力测试设施将开发新的实验测试协议以进行验证。 * （3）高层建筑的非线性气动弹性特性：目前的高层建筑风设计仅考虑结构系统的线弹性能力。然而，在飓风和龙卷风事件期间，高层建筑可能会受到超过设计能力的载荷;因此，可能会发生局部塑性变形。这些类型的塑性变形的影响是未知的。在这一目标中，将在最先进的3D打印机的辅助下开发用于非线性气动弹性表征的新实验方法。保险、建筑和工程（A&E）和建筑行业以及市政当局等大型机构预计将直接受益于这项拟议研究的结果。高素质的人员将接受高性能计算和大规模实验方面的培训，以保持加拿大在减轻风险技术方面的领先地位。

Canada's diverse geography and climate exposes our communities to wind hazards, such as tornadoes and hurricanes. This is further aggravated due to aging infrastructure, population growth and climate change. To maintain the safety and prosperity of our communities, it is vital to develop a comprehensive framework to assess and mitigate the impacts of extreme climate. In this research program novel computer models and large scale experimental approaches will be developed to assess the wind performance of buildings at a community level. This approach is unique as it considers aerodynamics for progressive failure and the interdependence of cladding, structural systems, individual buildings, and neighborhoods.***To achieve these goals the following three research objectives are proposed:***(1) Computer and experimental wind flow modeling and visualization: This objective proposes novel developments at pre-processing, system modeling and post processing stages. At the pre-processing stages, generation of three-dimensional building layouts in cities assisted with various remote sensing sensors installed on an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and those obtained from satellites will be automated. At the system modeling stage, detail computer and experimental based methods for modeling turbulent wind (and wind-driven-rain) and its interaction with buildings will be developed. At post-processing level, user friendly data analysis/mining and visualizations will be developed. ***(2) Progressive aerodynamics and hydrodynamics for buildings and neighborhoods: Here, the computer models developed in (1) will be integrated with building information modeling (BIM) at various levels of development. Since the BIM model will consist of all the parts of building, it is possible to model damage states in detail. In parallel, new experimental testing protocols enabled by emerging 3D printing technologies and large-scale wind testing facilities will be developed for validation. ***(3) Non-linear aeroelastic characterization for high-rise buildings: Current tall building design for wind only considers linear elastic capacity of structural systems. However, tall buildings can be subjected to loads beyond design capacity during hurricane and tornado events; as a result local plastic deformations may occur. The impact of these types of plastic deformations are unknown. In this objective novel experimental methods for non-linear aeroelastic characterization will be developed assisted with state-of-the-art 3D printers.***The insurance, Architectural and Engineering (A&E), and construction industries as well as larger bodies such as municipalities are expected to directly benefit from the outcome of this proposed research. Highly qualified personnel will be trained both in high performance computing as well as large scale experiments, maintaining Canada's leadership in risk mitigation technology.