Novel computational and experimental wind engineering approaches for community level performance assessment

加拿大多样的地理和气候使我们的社区面临着风的危害，比如龙卷风和飓风。由于基础设施老化、人口增长和气候变化，这种情况进一步加剧。为了维护我们社区的安全和繁荣，制定一个全面的框架来评估和减轻极端气候的影响至关重要。在这个研究项目中，将开发新的计算机模型和大规模的实验方法来评估社区建筑的风力性能。这种方法是独特的，因为它考虑了空气动力学的渐进失效和包层、结构系统、单个建筑和社区的相互依赖性。***为了实现这些目标，提出了以下三个研究目标：***(1)计算机和实验风流建模和可视化：该目标提出了预处理、系统建模和后处理阶段的新发展。在预处理阶段，利用安装在无人机（UAV）上的各种遥感传感器和从卫星获得的遥感传感器，自动生成城市三维建筑布局。在系统建模阶段，将开发基于计算机和实验的详细方法来模拟湍流（和风驱动雨）及其与建筑物的相互作用。在后处理层面，将开发用户友好的数据分析/挖掘和可视化。***(2)建筑和社区的渐进空气动力学和流体动力学：在这里，(1)中开发的计算机模型将与建筑信息模型（BIM）在各个开发阶段相结合。由于BIM模型将由建筑的所有部分组成，因此可以详细地模拟损坏状态。与此同时，新兴的3D打印技术和大型风力测试设施将开发新的实验测试协议进行验证。***(3)高层建筑非线性气动弹性特性：目前高层建筑的风荷载设计只考虑结构体系的线弹性能力。然而，在飓风和龙卷风事件中，高层建筑可能承受超出设计能力的载荷；因此，可能会发生局部塑性变形。这些类型的塑性变形的影响是未知的。在这个客观新颖的实验方法非线性气动弹性特性将开发协助与最先进的3D打印机。***保险、建筑与工程（A&E）、建筑行业以及市政当局等大型机构预计将直接受益于这项拟议研究的结果。将对高素质人员进行高性能计算和大规模实验方面的培训，以保持加拿大在降低风险技术方面的领导地位。

Canada's diverse geography and climate exposes our communities to wind hazards, such as tornadoes and hurricanes. This is further aggravated due to aging infrastructure, population growth and climate change. To maintain the safety and prosperity of our communities, it is vital to develop a comprehensive framework to assess and mitigate the impacts of extreme climate. In this research program novel computer models and large scale experimental approaches will be developed to assess the wind performance of buildings at a community level. This approach is unique as it considers aerodynamics for progressive failure and the interdependence of cladding, structural systems, individual buildings, and neighborhoods.***To achieve these goals the following three research objectives are proposed:***(1) Computer and experimental wind flow modeling and visualization: This objective proposes novel developments at pre-processing, system modeling and post processing stages. At the pre-processing stages, generation of three-dimensional building layouts in cities assisted with various remote sensing sensors installed on an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and those obtained from satellites will be automated. At the system modeling stage, detail computer and experimental based methods for modeling turbulent wind (and wind-driven-rain) and its interaction with buildings will be developed. At post-processing level, user friendly data analysis/mining and visualizations will be developed. ***(2) Progressive aerodynamics and hydrodynamics for buildings and neighborhoods: Here, the computer models developed in (1) will be integrated with building information modeling (BIM) at various levels of development. Since the BIM model will consist of all the parts of building, it is possible to model damage states in detail. In parallel, new experimental testing protocols enabled by emerging 3D printing technologies and large-scale wind testing facilities will be developed for validation. ***(3) Non-linear aeroelastic characterization for high-rise buildings: Current tall building design for wind only considers linear elastic capacity of structural systems. However, tall buildings can be subjected to loads beyond design capacity during hurricane and tornado events; as a result local plastic deformations may occur. The impact of these types of plastic deformations are unknown. In this objective novel experimental methods for non-linear aeroelastic characterization will be developed assisted with state-of-the-art 3D printers.***The insurance, Architectural and Engineering (A&E), and construction industries as well as larger bodies such as municipalities are expected to directly benefit from the outcome of this proposed research. Highly qualified personnel will be trained both in high performance computing as well as large scale experiments, maintaining Canada's leadership in risk mitigation technology.