Improving energy efficiency of communications systems using smart grids and heterogeneous powering

电信市场的扩张不仅导致了频谱的短缺，而且导致了能源消耗的巨大增加。因此，电信市场成为最大的电力消耗者和碳排放者之一。来自节能电信中心（CEET）和贝尔实验室（Bell Labs）的研究人员解释说，信息通信和技术行业每年产生超过8.3亿吨的二氧化碳（CO2），这被认为是主要的温室气体（GHG）。预计到2020年，这一比例将翻一番。这一增长仅相当于490万辆新车的碳排放量。这一增长使全球意识到提高能源效率的重要性和电信网络依赖可再生能源以限制温室气体排放的必要性。虽然在能源管理和在电信中使用可再生能源方面进行了大量的研究工作，但现有的研究工作由于缺乏利用通信网络的具体特征和这些系统中不同程度的自由所产生的机会而受到影响。因此，需要制定创新的资源管理**方案，而不是侧重于消耗能源的数量；这种能源的经济和环境影响应该是关注的主要标准。在这项工作中，我们的目标是展示如何将能源公用事业功能整合到通信系统的资源管理**问题中，从而在能源消耗**成本和温室气体排放方面取得显著改善。因此，我们建议为大型系统开发有效的资源分配方案，在满足需求的同时寻求优化环境和经济能源使用以及频谱效率。这些结果可用于通信系统动力架构的先验建模和优化**，并研究其经济和环境影响。

The expansion in the telecommunication market has not led to only a shortage in spectrum but also to a huge**increase in energy consumption. As a result, the telecom market became one of the most power consumers and**carbon emitters. Researchers from the Centre for Energy-Efficient Telecommunications (CEET) and Bell Labs**[1] explain that the information communications and technology industry produces more than 830 million tons**of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is considered as the main Green House Gas (GHG), annually. Projections**suggest that this share is expected to double by 2020. That growth only represents the same carbon output as**4.9 million new cars on the road. This increase has led to a global awareness about the importance of**improving energy efficiency and necessity of relying on renewable energy sources for telecommunication**networks in order to limit GHG emissions. Although a massive research work has been done in the area of**energy management and usage of renewable sources in telecommunications, the existing research works suffer**from a lack of exploitation of the specific characteristics of the communication networks and the opportunities**resulting from the different degrees of freedom in these systems. Thus, innovative resource management**schemes need to be derived, where instead of focusing on the quantity of consumed energy; the economic and**environmental effects of this energy should be the main criteria of concern.**In this work, we aim to demonstrate how the integration of the energy utility functions in resource management**problems for communication systems could achieve significant improvements in terms of energy consumption**costs as well as GHG emissions. Thus, we propose to develop efficient resource allocation schemes for large**scale systems that seek optimizing environmental and economic energy usage as well as spectrum efficiency**while meeting the demand requirements. These results could be used for a-priori modelling and optimization**of communication systems powering architecture and to study their economic and environmental effects.