Integrated urban flooding analyses with GIS and hydraulic models

在加拿大，城市洪水是一种反复发生的灾难。为了提供有见地的城市洪水评估，该项目与Esri Canada合作创建了一个集成的水力地理信息系统模型。目前的Esri解决方案缺乏强大的水力洪水分析工具。美国陆军工程兵团（USACE）开发的开源软件包水文工程中心-河流分析系统（HEC-RAS）是一个广泛使用的水力模型。该项目的核心是与加拿大的Esri合作，以维持和加强ArcGIS和HEC-RAS软件的结合使用，重点是二维城市洪水建模。2014年，HEC-RAS宣布并发布了具有2D功能的新HEC-RAS 5.0版本，使HEC-RAS能够在城市环境中应用。然而，这种应用仍然有限，可能是由于缺乏对城市基础设施（例如建筑物和道路等）的直接考虑。在HEC-RAS建模环境中。幸运的是，这些城市要素可以被视为流域的某些特征（例如粗糙度和不透水率）。本研究旨在建立一个ArcGIS Pro工具箱，将这些城市元素表示为HEC-RAS已知的特征。另一方面，从HEC-RAS得出的结果，包括水深和流速，可以用作输入，并在ArcGIS Pro中进行分析。将水深/流速与洪水脆弱性图叠加将增强我们对特定社区面临的风险的理解。所需的空间统计技术的应用程序描述的搜索器可以实现通过R-ArcGIS桥，它允许数据在ArcGIS和R代码之间传输，而不需要数据导出和重新导入的漏洞和其他映射输出。该项目的最终结果将集成到Esri桌面和Web服务中，以基于位置数据科学地评估城市建筑危害。

In Canada, urban flooding is a reoccurring disaster. In order to provide insightful urban flooding assessment,the project collaborates with Esri Canada to create an integrated hydraulic-GIS model. Current Esri solutionslack strong hydraulic flood analysis tools. The open source software package Hydrologic EngineeringCenter-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is awidely used hydraulic model. This project centres on a partnership with Esri Canada to sustain and enhance thecombined use of ArcGIS and HEC-RAS software with a focus on 2D urban pluvial flood modelling. In 2014,HEC-RAS announced and released its new HEC-RAS version 5.0 with 2D capabilities, enabling theapplication of HEC-RAS in urban environments. However, such applications are still limited, probably due tothe lack of direct consideration of urban infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads, etc.) within the HEC-RASmodelling environment. Fortunately, these urban elements can be considered as certain characteristics (e.g.roughness and impervious percentage) of the watershed. This research aims to create an ArcGIS Pro toolbox toprepare these urban elements to HEC-RAS-known characteristics. On the other hand, the results, includingwater depth and water velocity, derived from the HEC-RAS can be used as inputs and analyzed in ArcGIS Pro.Overlaying the water depth/velocity with flood vulnerability maps will enhance our understanding of the risksfaced by specific communities. The desired spatial statistical techniques for the application described abovecan be realized through the R-ArcGIS Bridge, which allows data to be transmit between ArcGIS and R codewithout the need for data export and re-import for vulnerability and other mapping outputs. The final resultsfrom this project will be integrated into Esri desktop and Web services, to evaluate scientifically urban floodinghazards based on locational data.