Supply chain optimization under uncertainty

供应链是实体的网络，包括原材料供应商、将材料转化为产品的生产制造单位、储存的仓库以及覆盖产品从供应商到零售商和客户的流动的配送中心。现代工业努力拥有最优化的供应链，因为它通常会为公司带来更好的业绩。* 供应链优化意味着三种类型的活动的优化：（1）战略设计，（2）战术规划和（3）运营执行，这是由管理水平，时间范围和决策环境的不确定性区分。* 战略设计决策建立和修改企业可用的资源，如制造工厂和仓库。战术规划决策意味着制定计划生产、维护、运输、劳动力、销售和库存水平的时间表，以最佳方式将高质量的生产与销售相匹配。运营控制涉及组织各部门对短期计划的详细执行，以实现计划所确定的利润和业绩目标。* 在每一个层面上，都有许多种不确定性给优化带来了重大挑战。这些不确定性包括机器故障、事故、攻击、需求、原材料和价格波动。我们的研究计划是持续努力的一部分，旨在开发有效的决策支持工具，以解决在供应链的战略设计，战术规划和运营执行中遇到的重要优化问题。拟议的研究计划将侧重于以下项目：* 在战略层面 *-设计防御战略，以保护供应链设施（如制造厂和仓库）免受恶意代理人的故意攻击。*-用于大批量生产的易发生故障的制造系统的设计，例如汽车，电子和木材行业。* 在战术层面 *-考虑综合采购、生产、分销和销售规划的不确定性下的战术规划。*-生产、维护和质量的综合规划。*-从第三方维护供应商的角度进行备件管理。* 在运营层面：*-在需求、供应量、原材料成本、机器故障和价格波动等不确定因素下的反应式规划。* 将努力确保将研究方案的成果转移到产业界。考虑到供应链的社会经济重要性以及在处理不确定性时遇到的具有挑战性的科学和实际问题，这一新研究计划的影响可能会被证明是极其重要的。

Supply chains are networks of entities that include suppliers of raw material, production manufacturing units who convert the material into products, warehouses that store, and distribution centres that cover the flows of products from suppliers to retailers and customers. Modern industries strive to have the most optimized supply chain because it usually translates to a better performance for the company. ***Supply chain optimization implies optimization of three types of activities: (1) strategic design, (2) tactical planning and (3) operational execution, which are distinguished by managerial level, time horizon and uncertainty in the decision environment. ***Strategic design decisions establish and modify the resources available to the enterprise, such as manufacturing plants and warehouses. Tactical planning decisions imply developing timetables for planned production, maintenance, transportation, workforce, sales and the inventory levels that will optimally match high-quality production to sales. Operational control involves the detailed execution of short-term schedules by all parts of the organization in such a way as to achieve the profit and performance goals established by the plans. ***At each level, there are many kinds of uncertainties that create significant challenges for optimization. These uncertainties include machine failures, accidents, attacks, demands, raw material and price fluctuations. Our research program is part of a continuing effort aimed at developing effective decision-support tools to tackle important optimization problems encountered at the strategic design, tactical planning and operational execution of supply chains. The proposed research program will focus on the following projects: ***At the strategic level ***- Design of defence strategies to protect supply chain facilities (such as manufacturing plants and warehouses) against intentional attacks that can be performed by a malevolent agent. ***- Design of failure-prone manufacturing systems used in high-volume production, such as automotive, electronics, and wood industries. ***At the tactical level ***- Tactical planning under uncertainty considering integrated procurement, production, distribution, and sale planning. ***- Integrated planning of production, maintenance and quality. ***- Spare parts management from a third-party maintenance provider perspective. ***At the operational level: ***- Reactive planning under uncertainties in demand, supply quantities, raw material costs, machine failures, and price fluctuations. ***Efforts will be made to ensure the transfer of the results of the research program to industry. Considering the socio-economic importance of supply chains and the challenging scientific and practical problems encountered when dealing with uncertainties, the impact of this new research program could prove to be extremely significant.