Ecological and genetic mechanisms of adaptive radiation

适应性辐射的生态和遗传机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04619
• 负责人: Schluter, Dolph
• 金额: $ 4.52万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691121
• 关键词: Ecological; genetic; mechanisms; adaptive; radiation

The aim of my research program is to uncover the mechanisms that drive adaptive radiation -- the rapid origin and divergence of new species from a common ancestor. Many (perhaps even most) species on earth have arisen during such bursts, so they are key to understanding the origins of life's extraordinary diversity. Cases of adaptive radiation still in their early stages have great advantages for study because the rate of evolution is sped up, new species are still forming, intermediate forms are still extant, evolutionary events are frequently repeated, and young species remain capable of hybridizing. These features allow us to make rapid progress using a combination of observational, experimental, and genetic studies. ******Much theory has accumulated to explain how new species form, the mechanisms driving their divergence from one another, and how new species continue to persist. Work in my lab tests these fundamental ideas by addressing the role of natural selection and genetic variation in a species complex of threespine stickleback fish, which inhabit young lakes and streams of coastal British Columbia. This system includes some of the youngest species on earth in any organism. This study system has many advantages for study (it has been called an evolutionary “supermodel”). With collaborators, we have developed exceptional genetic and experimental tools for stickleback. These allow us to test fundamental hypotheses by manipulating the causes of natural selection (for example, predation), and measure evolution by tracking the resulting genetic changes across generations. The current proposal describes new experiments that focus especially on the role of competition and intraguild predation on the origin of species and their simultaneous divergence. ******Our work contributes to the development of fundamental concepts in biodiversity science. The work will lead to a better understanding of the factors driving the rapid origin of new species, and that enable their long-term persistence in nature. Our work has also provided a better understanding of how ecosystems change when new species collapse. Some of this work has immediate practical benefits. The stickleback species pairs that are the focus of much of our work are the most highly endangered group of fishes in BC, with two pairs already extinct. All are federally listed Species at Risk, and our work on species origins and differences continues to inform recovery planning.**

我的研究项目的目的是揭示驱动适应性辐射的机制——新物种从共同祖先的快速起源和分化。地球上许多（甚至可能是大多数）物种都是在这样的爆发中出现的，所以它们是理解生命异常多样性起源的关键。适应性辐射仍处于早期阶段的情况对研究有很大的好处，因为进化的速度加快了，新物种仍在形成，中间形式仍然存在，进化事件经常重复，年轻物种仍然能够杂交。这些特点使我们能够结合观察、实验和基因研究取得快速进展。******已经积累了很多理论来解释新物种是如何形成的，驱动它们彼此分化的机制，以及新物种是如何继续存在的。我的实验室通过研究自然选择和基因变异在三刺棘鱼物种综合体中的作用来验证这些基本观点，三刺棘鱼栖息在不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海的年轻湖泊和溪流中。这个系统包括地球上所有生物中最年轻的一些物种。这种学习系统有很多优点（它被称为进化的“超模”）。与合作者一起，我们为棘鱼开发了特殊的基因和实验工具。这使我们能够通过操纵自然选择的原因（例如，捕食）来测试基本假设，并通过跟踪后代之间产生的遗传变化来测量进化。目前的提议描述了新的实验，特别关注物种起源中的竞争和野生动物捕食的作用及其同时的分化。******我们的工作有助于发展生物多样性科学的基本概念。这项工作将使人们更好地理解推动新物种快速起源的因素，并使它们能够在自然界中长期存在。我们的工作也让我们更好地理解了新物种灭绝时生态系统是如何变化的。其中一些工作具有直接的实际效益。我们大部分工作的重点是刺鱼对，它们是不列颠哥伦比亚省最濒危的鱼类，其中有两对已经灭绝。这些都是联邦政府列出的濒危物种，我们对物种起源和差异的研究继续为恢复计划提供信息