Developing sustainable nanoparticles for reinforcement of next generation green materials and composites

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Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) are a widely available and high performance nano-material extracted commonly from the waste products of the fishing industry. The structure and properties of CNWs are similar to nano-cellulose, which has already been demonstrated to posses significant potential for reinforcement in the development of high performance polymer nano-composites. These nano-composites with improved mechanical and physical properties can then be utilized as lightweight, effective and efficient components in a wide range of applications from structural to packaging.The objectives of this project are: 1) comprehensive characterization of individual CNWs, 2) development of strategies for isolation of CNWs from water and, 3) characterization of candidate thermoset and thermoplastic polymer matrices. For the first objective, detailed nano characterization will be performed on CNWs using robust in-situ testing methods to determine physical properties (mechanical, morphological, electrical & thermal conductivity). Spectroscopic and crystallographic testing methods will be also be used for characterization. For the second objective, thermodynamic processing strategies to isolate CNWs from water will be explored. Freeze drying, supercritical drying and solvent exchange are the primary techniques that will be developed. In the final objective, pre-processing characterization (viscoelastic, thermal, and chemical) of thermoset and thermoplastic matrix candidates will be performed. This work would form one of the first such attempts amongst scientific and industrial research in nano characterization of individual CNWs. The results from this project will provide a global scope for ultimately determining the most suitable nano-composite processing/functional additive strategies to employ in subsequent research efforts. Successful completion of this project is expected to provide BOCO with a platform to ultimately utilize CNWs as a vastly available bio-resource for development of advanced materials technologies; increasing market opportunities for both the recycling and manufacturing industries in Canada.