Études des mécanismes d'érosion du roc à l'aval des évacuateurs de crues par des simulations expérimentales à grande échelle

roc 腐蚀机械研究和大埃谢尔模拟实验克鲁斯真空技术研究

• 批准号: 537350-2018
• 负责人: Saeidi, Ali
• 金额: $ 7.39万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=692850
• 关键词: tudes; des; canismes; rosion; du

Hydroelectric dams are generally equipped with spillways excavated in rock. A serious concern is that erosion caused by flowing water reaches the immediate dam foundation. Cases of such erosion, with no serious consequences to date, have been observed at the site of some Hydro-Québec dams. Hydro-Québec is very interested in methods for the prediction of erosion, in order to ensure the sustainability of its works. Some existing methods to determine the state of erosion of these works are based on experience feedback. The application of these methods on several new dam cases in the world have shown significant gap between the observed erosion and the forecasts obtained by these methods. Their empirical nature makes it difficult to identify conditions for which the method does not yield a correct prediction; In particular, it is impossible to study the combined effects of several geomechanical parameters on the erosion.The objective of this project is to develop a new approach to erosion prediction better adapted to rock mass conditions. First of all, it is necessary to identify which geomechanical parameters have the greatest impact on the erosion level and to determine the relative importance of each of the parameters in the erosion process. For this, two instrumented evacuators, the first one at the laboratory scale, the second one, at a field Pilot-Plant scale, will be set up as part of this project. This equipment will make it possible to study experimentally the effects of several geomechanical parameters of the rock mass and the relative importance of each parameter in the erosion process. Experimental test results and the observed erosion database will be used to calibrate numerical models to determine the effects of geomechanical parameters on erosion on a real scale. The final results of these studies will lead to the development of a new model for predicting rock mass erodability at rock spillways.

水力发电大坝通常配备有在岩石中开挖的溢洪道。一个严重的问题是，流动的水造成的侵蚀达到直接的大坝基础。在魁北克水电公司的一些水坝所在地观察到了这种侵蚀的情况，迄今为止没有严重后果。魁北克水电公司对预测侵蚀的方法非常感兴趣，以确保其工程的可持续性。现有的一些方法来确定这些工程的侵蚀状态是基于经验反馈。这些方法在世界上几个新的大坝案例中的应用表明，观测到的侵蚀与这些方法获得的预测之间存在显着差距。它们的经验性质使得它很难识别的方法不产生一个正确的预测条件，特别是，它是不可能研究的侵蚀的几个地质力学参数的综合影响，本项目的目标是开发一种新的方法，侵蚀预测更好地适应岩体条件。首先，有必要确定哪些地质力学参数对侵蚀程度影响最大，并确定每个参数在侵蚀过程中的相对重要性。为此，两个仪表抽空器，第一个在实验室规模，第二个，在现场试点工厂规模，将设立作为本项目的一部分。这一设备将使人们能够通过实验研究岩体的若干地质力学参数的影响以及每一参数在侵蚀过程中的相对重要性。实验测试结果和观测到的侵蚀数据库将用于校准数值模型，以确定地质力学参数对真实的侵蚀的影响。这些研究的最终结果将导致一个新的模型，预测岩石溢洪道岩体可蚀性的发展。