Development of Multi-functional Coatings for Heat Transfer and Wear Protection

传热和耐磨多功能涂层的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04298
• 负责人: McDonald, André
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712371
• 关键词: Development; Multi; functional; Coatings; Heat

Coatings are used in a plenitude of applications to provide protection to machine parts from the adverse effects of surface degradation processes. Variations of coatings have been developed due to a desire for coatings that do more than provide passive protection. The applicant has identified that the development of new advanced coatings with multi-functional capabilities that extend beyond passive surface protection will offer a unique expansion of the utility of coatings into novel areas that have been established by industry and government. On the blades of wind turbines, ice formation during operation causes the disruption of boundary layers, increases drag, and affects aerodynamic and structural stability. One of the objectives of the proposed research program is to develop and model the heat transfer performance of coatings that will be utilized as resistive heating elements to allow for the mitigation or avoidance of ice accumulation or removal of ice on the blades that are exposed to low-temperature ambient environments. The modelling will focus on the use of heat conduction principles to determine energy generation in an anisotropic porous medium and the determination of the local temperature distribution within the coating during non-Fourier heat conduction due to rapid intense cooling of the coating by high-speed cold water droplets. It is expected that coatings that are exposed to the ambient environment will also be exposed to erodant particles that may cause wear damage of the coating. Thus, in addition to serving as a source of heat energy, the coatings will be developed to be wear resistant. The applicant has developed wear-resistant metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings that possess improved material and mechanical properties such as higher hardness, increased “strengthening effect”, and decreased wear rates. These composite materials are desirable because they offer enhanced properties resulting from the combination and synergies of the properties of both the matrix and the reinforcing materials, such as light weight, strength, stiffness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and improved electrical and thermal conductivity; however, a complete understanding of the mechanisms that result in the increased “strengthening effect” and decreased wear rates of the MMC coating material systems is lacking. The proposed research program will therefore study the microstructure and wear performance of the MMC coatings by conducting a variety of wear tests and modelling the fracture behavior of the coatings to explain the observed wear of the coatings. It is also expected that the inclusion of solid reinforcing particles into the microstructure of the metal matrix of the MMC coatings will increase the effective resistivity or the resistance to electron flow through the coating, thus increasing energy generation in the coating and its effectiveness as a heating element.

涂料在许多应用中用于保护机器部件免受表面降解过程的不利影响。由于期望涂层不仅仅提供被动保护，已经开发了涂层的变型。申请人已经确定，开发具有多功能能力的新型先进涂层，其延伸到被动表面保护之外，将使涂层的实用性独特地扩展到工业和政府已经建立的新领域。在风力涡轮机的叶片上，运行期间的冰形成导致边界层的破坏，增加阻力，并影响空气动力学和结构稳定性。拟议研究计划的目标之一是开发和模拟涂层的传热性能，这些涂层将用作电阻加热元件，以减轻或避免暴露于低温环境的叶片上的冰积聚或去除冰。建模将侧重于使用热传导原理来确定各向异性多孔介质中的能量生成，并确定由于高速冷水滴对涂层的快速强烈冷却而导致的非傅立叶热传导期间涂层内的局部温度分布。 预计暴露于周围环境的涂层也将暴露于可能导致涂层磨损损坏的侵蚀性颗粒。因此，除了用作热能来源之外，涂层还将被开发为耐磨的。本申请人已经开发了耐磨金属基质复合材料（MMC）涂层，其具有改进的材料和机械性能，例如更高的硬度、增加的“强化效应”和降低的磨损率。这些复合材料是理想的，因为它们提供了由基体和增强材料的性能的组合和协同作用产生的增强的性能，例如重量轻、强度、刚度、耐磨性、抗蠕变性和改进的导电性和导热性;但是，在此情况下，全面了解导致“强化效应”增强的机制并且缺少MMC涂层材料系统的降低的磨损率。因此，拟议的研究计划将通过进行各种磨损试验和模拟涂层的断裂行为来研究MMC涂层的微观结构和磨损性能，以解释所观察到的涂层磨损。还预期将固体增强颗粒包含到MMC涂层的金属基质的微结构中将增加有效电阻率或对电子流过涂层的阻力，从而增加涂层中的能量产生及其作为加热元件的有效性。