Group dynamics and temporal coordination

群体动态和时间协调

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04320
• 负责人: Palmer, Caroline
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739885
• 关键词: Group; dynamics; temporal; coordination

Modern societies rely on accurate predictions of temporal coordination among individuals, from traffic patterns to communications transmissions. Conversational speakers, music ensembles, and dancers demonstrate the precise timing required of human coordination, as well as flexibility to adapt to change. Our ability to coordinate - to synchronize our behaviour in time - is most apparent in how people synchronize with auditory rhythmic signals. Humans show fast and flexible adaptation in response to temporally predictable sound (such as auditory cross-walk signals) as well as to temporally fluctuating sound (human-produced speech and music). Although coordination with auditory signals is not unique to humans, we show greater adaptation and flexibility than other species who typically move at a spontaneous intrinsic frequency that constrains their coordination. My research program has discovered intrinsic frequencies that partially constrain how humans coordinate movement with sound. These individual differences present a challenge for models of temporal coordination. My long-term objective is to specify precise models that account for temporal coordination in group behaviour. Although models exist for individual coordination with (inanimate) external signals, less is known about how individuals interact with each other. My trainees and I model the group dynamics: nonlinear dynamics that emerge from interactions among individuals, groups, or populations. The proposed research addresses group dynamics in musical ensembles and joint (group) tapping, and in concurrent measures of auditory-motor networks based on electroencephalography. We derive theoretical predictions from formal models that are tested in temporal coordination tasks. The proposed research examines three key factors in temporal coordination between individuals: a) transmission of multiple sensory/perceptual cues among individuals; b) role of social relationships (including leadership and social dominance); and c) influence of group members' auditory and motor expertise. Auditory-motor behaviours are evaluated with models developed in my lab, to contrast group coordination with measures of individual coordination during interaction with a virtual partner. Temporal coordination demonstrates our capacity to integrate information, perceive change, and act in concert with others. Advanced models of auditory-motor coordination are important for better understanding of sensorimotor disorders such as stroke recovery, focal dystonia, and Parkinson's disease. The proposed research also helps to identify which auditory or motor short-term experiences enhance coordination in other contexts, from second language learning to gait rehabilitation. Benefits of these findings extend to both biological applications (pro-social benefits to group members who are well-synchronized) and technological applications (automated prediction of future actions) that arise in group contexts.

现代社会依赖于对个体之间时间协调的准确预测，从交通模式到通信传输。对话扬声器，音乐合奏和舞蹈演员展示了人类协调所需的精确时间，以及适应变化的灵活性。我们的协调能力--使我们的行为在时间上同步--在人们如何与听觉节奏信号同步方面表现得最为明显。人类表现出快速和灵活的适应响应时间可预测的声音（如听觉跨行信号）以及时间波动的声音（人类产生的语音和音乐）。虽然与听觉信号的协调并不是人类独有的，但我们比其他物种表现出更大的适应性和灵活性，这些物种通常以自发的固有频率移动，这限制了它们的协调。我的研究项目发现了固有频率，它部分地限制了人类如何协调运动与声音。这些个体差异对时间协调模型提出了挑战。 我的长期目标是指定精确的模型，说明在群体行为的时间协调。虽然存在个体与（无生命的）外部信号协调的模型，但对个体如何相互作用知之甚少。我和我的学员模拟了群体动力学：从个人、群体或群体之间的相互作用中产生的非线性动力学。拟议中的研究解决组动力学的音乐合奏和联合（组）轻敲，并在并发措施的神经运动网络的基础上脑电图。我们从时间协调任务中测试的正式模型中获得理论预测。 该研究探讨了个体间时间协调的三个关键因素：a）个体间多种感觉/知觉线索的传递; B）社会关系（包括领导和社会支配）的作用;以及c）群体成员的听觉和运动专长的影响。听觉运动行为是用我实验室开发的模型来评估的，以对比群体协调与个人协调在与虚拟伙伴互动过程中的措施。 时间协调表明我们整合信息、感知变化以及与他人协调行动的能力。高级的运动协调模型对于更好地理解感觉运动障碍如中风恢复、局灶性肌张力障碍和帕金森病是重要的。这项研究还有助于确定哪些听觉或运动的短期体验可以增强其他环境中的协调性，从第二语言学习到步态康复。这些发现的好处扩展到生物学应用（对同步良好的群体成员的亲社会益处）和技术应用（自动预测未来的行动），这些应用在群体环境中出现。