Temporal coordination in performance

我们根据接收到的感官信息协调行为的能力是非凡的；从视觉系统到语言和运动技能，当感觉线索发生变化时，人们表现出了一种特殊的适应能力。特别是，在说话、唱歌和表演音乐等听觉运动行为中，时间协调是快速而毫不费力的：人们迅速协调他们的行动，以响应音乐和语言特征的广泛的声学变化。音乐表演和对话演讲中的群体互动必须遵守时间限制，否则协调就会崩溃。然而，个体的时间协调能力差异很大；从简单的敲击到对话式的演讲或演奏音乐，个体和群体在时间协调方面表现出巨大的差异，这些差异至今仍未得到解释。我们最近发现了个体听觉-运动耦合的限制，这表明了个体之间时间协调的第一个标志，在音乐和会话语言中。我们利用这些发现建立了优越的时间协调和缺陷的计算模型。***我的研究计划的一个重要理论目标是确定群体行为中的时间协调是如何从个体适应能力和群体成员之间的特定互动中产生的。另一个补充目的是确定一个人的感觉-运动整合能力何时能使他/她在单独或在群体中更准确地完成任务。我们建议对音乐和敲击任务中的时间协调进行测试，从中我们测试计时过程的正式（定量）模型以及个人感觉和运动系统之间的耦合。我的目标是揭示最能预测群体表现的时间协调机制。***我的研究项目结合了三种互补的方法来研究个体之间的时间协调：a)多种感官线索和群体角色的影响；B)计算模型的应用（线性误差校正；非线性动力系统）；c)协调的神经测量（脑电图）。我们将群体表现的时间协调与电脑测量的个人表现进行对比。了解时间协调如何产生为听觉-运动整合的理论基础提供了重要的进展。音乐和语言几乎涉及所有的认知功能，包括感知、行动、注意力、社会行为、情感、学习和记忆。这些功能如何在参与联合行为的个体之间相互作用在很大程度上是未知的。这些发现有助于理解感觉运动障碍，如中风恢复、局灶性肌张力障碍和帕金森病**

Our capacity to coordinate our behaviour with incoming sensory information is extraordinary; from visual systems to language and motor skills, people display an exceptional ability to adapt their actions when sensory cues change. In particular, temporal coordination during auditory-motor behaviours such as speaking, singing, and performing music, is fast and effortless: people coordinate their actions quickly in response to a wide range of acoustic changes that characterize music and speech. Group interactions in music performance and conversational speech must adhere to temporal constraints, or else coordination breaks down. Yet individuals vary considerably in their temporal coordination abilities; from simple tapping to conversational speech or performing music, individuals and groups exhibit large differences in temporal coordination that remain unexplained. We have recently uncovered constraints on individuals' auditory-motor coupling that indicate the first markers of temporal coordination among individuals, in music and conversational speech. We use these findings to build computational models of both superior temporal coordination and of deficits.***    One important theoretical aim of my research program is to determine how temporal coordination in group behaviours arises from individual adaptation abilities and from specific interactions that arise among group members. A complementary aim is to determine when an individual's sensory-motor integration abilities enable him/her to perform a task more accurately in isolation or in a group. We propose tests of temporal coordination in music and tapping tasks, from which we test formal (quantitative) models of timekeeping processes and of coupling between individuals' sensory and motor systems. My goal is to uncover the mechanisms of temporal coordination that best predict group performance.***    My research program combines three complementary approaches to the study of temporal coordination between individuals: a) impact of multiple sensory cues and group roles; b) application of computational models (linear error correction; nonlinear dynamical systems); and c) neural measurements of coordination (electroencephalography). We contrast temporal coordination in group performance with measures of individual performance with a computer. Understanding how temporal coordination arises offers significant advances to theoretical foundations of auditory-motor integration. Music and speech engage virtually all cognitive functions, including perception, action, attention, social behaviour, emotion, learning, and memory. How these functions interact between individuals who engage in joint behaviours is largely unknown. These discoveries can inform understanding of sensorimotor disorders such as stroke recovery, focal dystonia, and Parkinson's disease.**