Temporal coordination in performance

我们协调自己的行为与传入的感觉信息的能力是非同寻常的；从视觉系统到语言和运动技能，当感觉线索改变时，人们表现出非凡的能力来调整他们的行动。特别是，在说话、唱歌和演奏音乐等听觉-运动行为中，时间协调是快速和毫不费力的：人们迅速协调他们的行动，以应对音乐和言语中广泛的声学变化。音乐表演和会话演讲中的群体互动必须遵守时间限制，否则协调就会中断。然而，个体在时间协调能力上有相当大的差异；从简单的敲击到对话演讲或演奏音乐，个人和群体在时间协调方面表现出巨大的差异，这些差异仍然无法解释。我们最近发现了对个体听觉-运动耦合的限制，这表明在音乐和对话语言中，个体之间的时间协调是第一个标志。我们使用这些发现来建立优越的时间协调和缺陷的计算模型。*我的研究计划的一个重要的理论目标是确定群体行为中的时间协调是如何从个体适应能力和群体成员之间出现的特定互动中产生的。一个互补的目标是确定一个人的感觉-运动整合能力何时使他/她能够在单独或在一个群体中更准确地执行任务。我们提出了音乐和敲击任务中的时间协调性测试，从这个测试中，我们测试了计时过程以及个体感觉和运动系统之间的耦合的形式(定量)模型。我的目标是揭示最能预测群体表现的时间协调机制。*我的研究项目结合了三种互补的方法来研究个体之间的时间协调：a)多个感觉线索和群体角色的影响；b)计算模型的应用(线性纠错；非线性动力学系统)；以及c)协调的神经测量(脑电)。我们用计算机将团队绩效中的时间协调与个人绩效的测量进行了对比。理解时间协调是如何产生的，为听觉-运动整合的理论基础提供了重大进展。音乐和语言几乎参与了所有的认知功能，包括感知、行动、注意力、社会行为、情感、学习和记忆。这些功能如何在参与共同行为的个人之间相互作用在很大程度上是未知的。这些发现可以帮助理解感觉运动障碍，如中风恢复、局灶性肌张力障碍和帕金森氏病。

Our capacity to coordinate our behaviour with incoming sensory information is extraordinary; from visual systems to language and motor skills, people display an exceptional ability to adapt their actions when sensory cues change. In particular, temporal coordination during auditory-motor behaviours such as speaking, singing, and performing music, is fast and effortless: people coordinate their actions quickly in response to a wide range of acoustic changes that characterize music and speech. Group interactions in music performance and conversational speech must adhere to temporal constraints, or else coordination breaks down. Yet individuals vary considerably in their temporal coordination abilities; from simple tapping to conversational speech or performing music, individuals and groups exhibit large differences in temporal coordination that remain unexplained. We have recently uncovered constraints on individuals' auditory-motor coupling that indicate the first markers of temporal coordination among individuals, in music and conversational speech. We use these findings to build computational models of both superior temporal coordination and of deficits.***    One important theoretical aim of my research program is to determine how temporal coordination in group behaviours arises from individual adaptation abilities and from specific interactions that arise among group members. A complementary aim is to determine when an individual's sensory-motor integration abilities enable him/her to perform a task more accurately in isolation or in a group. We propose tests of temporal coordination in music and tapping tasks, from which we test formal (quantitative) models of timekeeping processes and of coupling between individuals' sensory and motor systems. My goal is to uncover the mechanisms of temporal coordination that best predict group performance.***    My research program combines three complementary approaches to the study of temporal coordination between individuals: a) impact of multiple sensory cues and group roles; b) application of computational models (linear error correction; nonlinear dynamical systems); and c) neural measurements of coordination (electroencephalography). We contrast temporal coordination in group performance with measures of individual performance with a computer. Understanding how temporal coordination arises offers significant advances to theoretical foundations of auditory-motor integration. Music and speech engage virtually all cognitive functions, including perception, action, attention, social behaviour, emotion, learning, and memory. How these functions interact between individuals who engage in joint behaviours is largely unknown. These discoveries can inform understanding of sensorimotor disorders such as stroke recovery, focal dystonia, and Parkinson's disease.**