The bioacoustics of wild bats and mice.

野生蝙蝠和小鼠的生物声学。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-02741
• 负责人: KalcounisRueppell, Matina
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744769
• 关键词: bioacoustics; wild; bats; mice.

The concept of the ecological soundscape in terrestrial systems is dominated by our understanding of audible animals such as birds, in spite of incredible diversity and important ecosystem services provided by bats and mice that are nocturnal and vocalize in ultrasonic ranges. My long-term research goal is to determine how individual state and context influence communication and related behaviours of bats and mice, and how changes in the landscape, geophony and anthropophony, at multiple ecological scales, influence signalers and receivers. My long-term program is relevant to behavioural, population, and ecosystem ecology, and tests bioacoustic hypotheses that signals can be adjusted to aspects of the acoustic environment through phenotypic plasticity (Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis; AAH) or through competitive processes in the biophony (Acoustic Niche Hypothesis; ANH). At small scales, I follow individuals through direct observations and experiments to contextualize calls and understand how biotic and abiotic factors influence behaviours. At large scales my work is relevant to conservation because acoustic signals can be used to non-invasively sample biodiversity. I have recently moved to the University of Alberta from the USA. Using a network of sites already established throughout Alberta, I will work on two short term objectives that  leverage a network of existing recording sites for birds that will be expanded to bats and mice and establish/reestablish legacy mouse live trapping grids. The first objective will establish landscape level acoustic recording as part of the NABat monitoring program across Alberta to examine 1a) landscape-level patterns/determinants of bat species presence/abundance and 1b) patterns of activity and social call use by bat species through the year. The monitoring program will also allow me to determine the 1c) pattern of call use by deer mice across the landscape and to determine how call use and structure vary with vegetation at the landscape scale, for the first time. The second objective will use live trapping grids and networks of integrated USARUs to determine 2a) how physiological and ecological context, including natural and human noise, influence call structure and use by the deer mouse and 2b) how calls structure and use varies with vegetation along an altitudinal gradient. These studies will train 2 PhD and 2 MSc students and beyond the discovery objectives will also 1) inform the biology of mice relevant to biomedical research; 2) inform conservation policy for endangered bats; 3) leverage federal and provincial investments into existing biodiversity monitoring programs and agencies; 4) contribute to my outreach and engagement program "Bats and Mice in your Backyard"; 5) prioritize EDI through research excellence by training and support of equity-seeking groups in STEM; and 6) use and contribute to long term data sets (NABat and Kananaskis mouse grids) and open data platforms (Wildtrax and NABat).

尽管蝙蝠和老鼠在夜间活动，在超声波范围内发声，提供了令人难以置信的多样性和重要的生态系统服务，但我们对陆地系统中生态声景的概念主要是由我们对鸟类等可听动物的理解所主导的。我的长期研究目标是确定个体状态和环境如何影响蝙蝠和老鼠的交流和相关行为，以及在多个生态尺度上，景观，地理和人类的变化如何影响信号者和接受者。我的长期项目与行为、种群和生态系统生态学相关，并测试生物声学假设，即信号可以通过表型可塑性（声学适应假说；AAH）或通过生物声学中的竞争过程（声学生态位假说；ANH）来适应声环境的各个方面。在小范围内，我通过直接观察和实验跟踪个体，以了解呼叫的背景，并了解生物和非生物因素如何影响行为。在大尺度上，我的工作与保护有关，因为声学信号可以用于非侵入性采样生物多样性。我最近从美国搬到阿尔伯塔大学。利用在阿尔伯塔省已经建立的站点网络，我将致力于两个短期目标，即利用现有的鸟类记录站点网络，将其扩展到蝙蝠和老鼠，并建立/重建传统的老鼠实时捕获网格。第一个目标是建立景观级声学记录，作为阿尔伯塔省NABat监测计划的一部分，以检查1a)景观级模式/蝙蝠物种存在/丰度的决定因素，1b)全年蝙蝠物种的活动模式和社会呼叫使用。监测程序还将使我能够第一次确定鹿鼠在整个景观中的呼叫使用模式，并确定呼叫使用和结构如何随景观尺度上的植被而变化。第二个目标将使用综合USARUs的实时捕获网格和网络，以确定2a)生理和生态环境（包括自然和人为噪音）如何影响鹿鼠的呼叫结构和使用，以及2b)呼叫结构和使用如何随植被沿海拔梯度变化。这些研究将培养2名博士和2名硕士学生，除了发现目标之外，还将1)告知与生物医学研究相关的小鼠生物学；2)通报濒危蝙蝠的保护政策；3)利用联邦和省对现有生物多样性监测项目和机构的投资；4)为我的外联和参与项目“你后院的蝙蝠和老鼠”做出贡献；5)通过培训和支持STEM中寻求股权的团体，通过卓越的研究来优先考虑EDI；6)使用和贡献长期数据集（NABat和Kananaskis鼠标网格）和开放数据平台（Wildtrax和NABat）。