Scalable semiconductor quantum technologies

可扩展的半导体量子技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04375
• 负责人: Baugh, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 5.97万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=747771
• 关键词: Scalable; semiconductor; quantum; technologies

The classical transistor enabled the first technological revolution in computing. The ultimate limits on information processing, however, are determined by quantum mechanics rather than classical physics. A new paradigm of quantum information science has emerged in recent decades that promises a second technological revolution - the quantum age'. The ability to efficiently simulate complex physical systems that obey quantum mechanics, for example, will enable untold new advances in medicine, energy, chemistry, materials engineering and many other fields. The key to unlock these advances is translating theoretical quantum circuits into real world devices, particularly with architectures that allow scaling to arbitrary size. Quantum information, however, is extremely fragile due to the process of decoherence. It remains a challenge to show that decoherence can be overcome in real devices, either by applying the theoretical tools of quantum error correction, or by exploiting topologically protected modes to store quantum states. The proposed research program uses two promising experimental platforms to test both strategies. The first strategy, using quantum error correction, is explored using spin qubits objects defined by the quantum states of an electron's spin. A single electron is confined in a small region of space called a quantum dot, and its spin can be manipulated with electromagnetic fields. We choose silicon as the host material because spin qubits can have very long coherence times in silicon, and quantum dots can be formed using CMOS-compatible fabrication methods, lending a great potential for scalability. We propose a novel network architecture for implementing a quantum error correction scheme with a very high tolerance for errors, called a surface code. The second strategy, topologically protected qubits, is explored in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices designed to realize special states known as Majorana fermions or parafermions. We will exploit a unique and scalable material system, based on InSb quantum wells, to engineer first demonstrations of manipulation and readout of topological qubits. A third thrust is on carbon nanotube (CNT) nano-mechanical resonators and explores their potential for measuring forces at the atomic scale. This builds on our demonstrated ability to measure sub-nanometer changes in the CNT vibration amplitude on microsecond timescales. We will apply this to detect the spin states of individual magnetic molecules grafted onto the CNT, which could serve as a basis for a new scanning probe technology.

经典晶体管使计算中的第一次技术革命。但是，信息处理的最终限制是由量子力学而不是经典物理学决定的。近几十年来，出现了量子信息科学的新范式，这有望成为第二种技术革命 - 量子时代。例如，有效模拟遵守量子力学的复杂物理系统的能力将使医学，能源，化学，材料工程和许多其他领域的新进展能够实现。解锁这些进步的关键是将理论量子电路转化为现实世界设备，尤其是在允许扩展到任意尺寸的体系结构中。但是，由于破坏过程，量子信息非常脆弱。表明可以通过应用量子误差校正的理论工具或通过利用拓扑保护的模式来存储量子状态来表明可以在真实设备中克服变质的挑战仍然是一个挑战。拟议的研究计划使用两个有前途的实验平台来测试这两种策略。使用量子误差校正的第一种策略是使用由电子旋转的量子状态定义的自旋对象探索的。单个电子被限制在称为量子点的小空间区域，并且可以用电磁场来操纵其自旋。我们选择硅作为宿主材料，因为旋转量子位在硅中可能具有很长的相干时间，并且可以使用与CMOS兼容的制造方法形成量子点，从而赋予可扩展性的巨大潜力。我们提出了一种新颖的网络体系结构，用于实现具有非常高的误差的量子误差校正方案，称为表面代码。第二种策略是拓扑保护的Qubits，在旨在实现被称为Majorana Fermions或Parafermions的特殊状态的超导体 - 症状混合设备中进行了探索。我们将根据INSB量子井来利用独特而可扩展的材料系统，以设计对拓扑量表的操纵和读数的首次演示。第三个推力是碳纳米管（CNT）纳米机械谐振器，并探讨了它们在原子尺度上测量力的潜力。这建立在我们证明的能力上测量微秒时间尺度上CNT振动幅度的亚纳米变化的能力。我们将使用它来检测移植到CNT上的单个磁分子的自旋态，这可以作为新的扫描探针技术的基础。