Scalable semiconductor quantum technologies

可扩展的半导体量子技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04375
• 负责人: Baugh, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 5.97万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=747771
• 关键词: Scalable; semiconductor; quantum; technologies

The classical transistor enabled the first technological revolution in computing. The ultimate limits on information processing, however, are determined by quantum mechanics rather than classical physics. A new paradigm of quantum information science has emerged in recent decades that promises a second technological revolution - the quantum age'. The ability to efficiently simulate complex physical systems that obey quantum mechanics, for example, will enable untold new advances in medicine, energy, chemistry, materials engineering and many other fields. The key to unlock these advances is translating theoretical quantum circuits into real world devices, particularly with architectures that allow scaling to arbitrary size. Quantum information, however, is extremely fragile due to the process of decoherence. It remains a challenge to show that decoherence can be overcome in real devices, either by applying the theoretical tools of quantum error correction, or by exploiting topologically protected modes to store quantum states. The proposed research program uses two promising experimental platforms to test both strategies. The first strategy, using quantum error correction, is explored using spin qubits objects defined by the quantum states of an electron's spin. A single electron is confined in a small region of space called a quantum dot, and its spin can be manipulated with electromagnetic fields. We choose silicon as the host material because spin qubits can have very long coherence times in silicon, and quantum dots can be formed using CMOS-compatible fabrication methods, lending a great potential for scalability. We propose a novel network architecture for implementing a quantum error correction scheme with a very high tolerance for errors, called a surface code. The second strategy, topologically protected qubits, is explored in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices designed to realize special states known as Majorana fermions or parafermions. We will exploit a unique and scalable material system, based on InSb quantum wells, to engineer first demonstrations of manipulation and readout of topological qubits. A third thrust is on carbon nanotube (CNT) nano-mechanical resonators and explores their potential for measuring forces at the atomic scale. This builds on our demonstrated ability to measure sub-nanometer changes in the CNT vibration amplitude on microsecond timescales. We will apply this to detect the spin states of individual magnetic molecules grafted onto the CNT, which could serve as a basis for a new scanning probe technology.

经典晶体管引发了计算领域的第一次技术革命。然而，信息处理的最终限制是由量子力学而不是经典物理学决定的。近几十年来，量子信息科学的新范式出现，预示着第二次技术革命——量子时代。例如，有效模拟遵守量子力学的复杂物理系统的能力将使医学、能源、化学、材料工程和许多其他领域取得无数的新进展。解锁这些进步的关键是将理论量子电路转化为现实世界的设备，特别是允许缩放到任意尺寸的架构。然而，由于退相干过程，量子信息极其脆弱。证明可以通过应用量子纠错的理论工具或通过利用拓扑保护模式来存储量子态来克服实际设备中的退相干仍然是一个挑战。拟议的研究计划使用两个有前途的实验平台来测试这两种策略。第一种策略是使用量子纠错，使用由电子自旋的量子态定义的自旋量子位对象进行探索。单个电子被限制在称为量子点的小空间区域中，其自旋可以通过电磁场来操纵。我们选择硅作为主体材料，因为自旋量子位在硅中可以具有很长的相干时间，并且量子点可以使用 CMOS 兼容的制造方法形成，从而具有巨大的可扩展潜力。我们提出了一种新颖的网络架构，用于实现具有非常高的错误容忍度的量子纠错方案，称为表面码。第二种策略是拓扑保护的量子位，在超导-半导体混合器件中进行探索，旨在实现称为马约拉纳费米子或帕拉费米子的特殊状态。我们将利用基于 InSb 量子阱的独特且可扩展的材料系统，来设计拓扑量子位的操纵和读出的首次演示。第三个重点是碳纳米管（CNT）纳米机械谐振器，并探索它们在原子尺度上测量力的潜力。这是建立在我们已证明能够在微秒时间尺度上测量 CNT 振动幅度的亚纳米变化的能力的基础上的。我们将应用它来检测嫁接到碳纳米管上的单个磁性分子的自旋态，这可以作为新扫描探针技术的基础。