Large scale integration of EVs into the smart grid: A comprehensive cyber physical study and security assessment

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Faced with climate change and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 195 countries signed the Paris Climate agreement to reduce the GHG emissions. To attain this goal, by utilizing electric vehicle (EV) benefits in this regard, countries have set self-imposed targets to reach a 30% market share for electric vehicles by 2030. Keeping in line with this vision, the Quebec Government has set a target of 1 million EVs by 2030. In fact, Quebec will ban the sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars by 2035. Fortunately, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 1.7 million new EVs were registered worldwide during the first 9 months of 2020 which is more than the EVs registered during the same period in 2019. This has been supported by increased subsidies and rebates offered by governments and an increasing trend of drive through services. However, to accelerate this trend, the project will be conducted with the Hydro Quebec, Canada. The goal of this partnership is to develop technologies to identify and mitigate major obstacles faced with the roll out of the EV charging infrastructure and potential cyber-physical attacks and their impact on the power grid. The project intends to also design a data driven model for EV charging demand, waiting time at charging stations (CSs) and corresponding reneging due long waiting by EV owners. Such outcome will assist EV charging providers as well as operators better provision and size their infrastructure. We will carry out throughout this project complete cyber security evaluation of the whole EV charging cyber chain (firmware analysis, protocol analysis, charging mobile applications, etc.) and make assessment and recommendations. The project will further develop detection and mitigation methods to protect this cyber chain and the potential consequences on the power grid.