肾脏再生一直是肾病领域的研究热点之一。最近，基于灌注法脱细胞构建肾脏脱细胞支架技术为肾脏再生开辟了全新的研究方向。但支架再细胞化过程中，仍存在细胞贴附困难，再细胞化不彻底，细胞极性紊乱、炎症反应等问题。再生肾脏虽然具有一定的功能，仍无法与正常肾脏相比较。其中种子细胞贴附困难，定向分化失控是主要原因之一。针对这一问题，本项目组拟利用细胞种植技术或3D生物打印技术，应用生物材料结合特定细胞再生因子，构建肾脏不同功能区域性支架，与多潜能干细胞（iPSc）或肾脏祖细胞共培养，以期解决细胞贴附困难，定向分化失控的问题，在体外重建功能性肾样组织。同时通过对这种培养模式下肾样组织的功能和细胞定向分化进行测定，探究体外培养细胞定向分化的机制以及细胞表型与功能重建之间的关系。本研究的实施将丰富肾脏再生理论，并为肾脏再生的临床转化奠定技术基础和理论依据。

Kidney regeneration is always one of hotspots in the research field of renal diseases. Currently, renal decellularized scaffold construction technology with continuous perfusion provides a new direction for kidney regeneration. However, some problems such as poor cell attachment, incomplete recellularization, cell polarity disorder and inflammatory reaction could be still found in the process of scaffold recellularization. The regenerated kidney has certain functions, but still is nothing compared to the normal kidney. Poor attachment of seed cells plus unregulated directional differentiation is one of the major reasons. To solve this problem and reconstruct functional kidney-like tissues in vitro, we intend to use 3D bioprinting technology to combine biological materials with specific cell regeneration factors for constructing renal regional scaffold with different functions, which could be co-cultured with iPSC. Through the determination of functions of kidney-like tissues and cellular directional differentiation under this cultivation mode, we expect to explore the mechanism of cellular directional differentiation in vitro and the relationship between cell phenotype and functional reconstruction. The implement of this research will enrich the kidney regeneration theory and lay a technological and theoretical foundation for converting research results of kidney regeneration to clinical application.