The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition: Upper Pleistocene Research at the "Cingles del Capello" (Spain)

众多的岩石庇护所或悬垂线的基础， Cingles del Capello位于巴塞罗那东南部省的悬崖， 西班牙，已被证明包含分层考古 存款 出于几个原因，这些是令人感兴趣的。 第一、 它们含有分层的材料，记录了尼安德特人 在欧洲的一段时期，可能会持续到最近 次 第二，由于该地区的沉积作用似乎 迅速、干净地将这些不同职业的人分开 Rockshelters是可能的。 最后，庇护所包含了 可由铀系确定年龄的辉长岩 约会 基于这些原因，劳伦斯·斯特劳斯博士将进行一次 在两个悬崖遗址进行考古发掘的季节：科瓦 安东和埃尔斯·平扬 他会把以前的脸擦干净 挖好坑，除去覆盖层，然后进行仔细的 地层挖掘，以确定文化的性质 材料存在。 他将收集和分析动物群和花卉 材料以及石器遗迹。 除此之外， 有机材料将提交绝对年龄 决心。 解剖学上的现代人最早出现在欧洲， 三万五千到四万年前。 在此之前，人类 尼安德特人的身体特征截然不同，被称为"尼安德特人"。" 相关的文化被称为"Mousterian。"目前尚不清楚 尼安德特人身上发生了什么，不知道他们是否 相对快速地发展成现代形式，或者它们是否 被其他民族取代。 目前还不清楚是否或 而不是"旧石器时代晚期"的文化传统 直接从Mousterian发展或侵入， 其他地方 因为那些既有数据又涵盖 这段时间是如此罕见，它已经很难选择 在这种情况下，El Pinyons和Cova 安东显得很重要。 这项研究很重要，因为它将揭示 解剖学上的现代人类和相关文化的出现 欧洲

Numerous rock shelters or overhangs which line the base of Cingles del Capello, a cliff located in SE Barcelona Province, Spain, have been shown to contain stratified archaeological deposits. These are of interest for several reasons. First, they contain stratified materials which document the Neanderthal period in Europe and which probably continue into more recent times. Second, because sedimentation in this region appears to be rapid, clean separation between different occupations of these rockshelters is likely. Finally, the shelters contain layers of travertine the age of which can be determined by Uranium series dating. For these reasons Dr. Lawrence Straus will conduct a season of archaeological excavation at two cliff sites: Cova Anton and Els Pinyons. He will clean the face of previously excavated pits, remove overburden, and then conduct careful stratigraphic excavation to determine the nature of the cultural materials present. He will collect and analyze faunal and floral materials as well as lithic remains. In addition to travertines, organic materials will be submitted for absolute age determinations. Anatomically modern humans first appeared in Europe approximately 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Before that time the human inhabitants were physically distinct and termed "Neanderthals." The associated culture is called "Mousterian." It is unclear what happened to the Neanderthals and not known whether they developed relatively rapidly into modern forms or whether they were replaced by other peoples. It is also unclear whether or not the succeeding "Upper Paleolithic" cultural tradition developed directly from the Mousterian or is intrusive from elsewhere. Because sites which are both datable and which cover this time period are so rare, it has been difficult to select between alternatives, and in this context El Pinyons and Cova Anton assume great significance. This research is important because it will shed light on the emergence of anatomically modern humans and associated culture in Europe.