The Rise and Institutionalization of Geophysics in American Universities

在世纪，物理学从工业实验室 并向大学捐赠了研究设施。 这是 美国最后几个主要的物理科学分支 这样做. 将物理学转变为以大学为基础 地质学家、地质学家和大学面临的挑战 管理者们努力解决固体和固体之间的尖锐冲突， 地球物理学家和野外地质学家对正确的方法论 方法和令人生畏的物理学组成部分的多样性 领域的 地球物理学家试图在2000年开发学术设施， 一部分，以解决复杂的问题，如地球的性质， 核心通过跨学科的联系随时可在 高校 其领导人还寻求发展专业 训练新兵的中心。 到了20世纪60年代， 物理学的迅速发展重塑了现有的部门， 地质科学与地质研究的重新定位 现象。 然而，由于天体物理学的历史仍然主要是 但很少有人知道，这些重要而深远的东西， 实现变革。 鉴于跨学科的重要性， 在现代科学研究中，这个问题值得特别注意。 Doel博士专注于20世纪20年代早期 到20世纪60年代，利用固体地球物理学的发展， 探讨几个广泛的主题，包括学科的形成， 美国研究型大学的发展及其影响 赞助和机构设置对生产的 科学知识。 这项研究是在物理学史中心进行的。 美国物理研究所（AIP） AIP正在玩一个 在该项目中发挥重要作用，包括保护 历史“原始数据”，如未发表的信件， 机构记录和录音回忆，使用 AIP为其他领域的类似项目开发的方法。

In the 20th century, geophysics moved from industrial laboratories and endowed research facilities into the university. It was one of the last major branches of physical science in the United States to do so. The transformation of geophysics into a university-based discipline challenged geologists, geophysicists, and university administrators who wrestled with the sharp conflict between solid earth geophysicists and field geologists over proper methodological approaches and the daunting diversity of geophysics' component fields. Geophysicists sought to develop academic facilities in part to approach complex problems such as the nature of the Earth's core through interdisciplinary contacts readily available at universities. Its leaders also sought to develop professional centers for training new recruits to the field. By the 1960s, the rapid growth of geophysics reshaped existing departments of geological sciences and reoriented the study of geological phenomena. Yet because the history of geophysics remains largely unexplored, little is known about these significant and far- reaching changes. Given the importance of interdisciplinary research in modern science, the subject merits special attention. Dr. Doel is concentrating on the period from the early 1920s through the 1960s, utilizing the growth of solid earth geophysics to explore several broad themes including discipline formation, the development of American research universities, and the influence of patronage and institutional settings on the production of scientific knowledge. This study is being undertaken at the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). The AIP is playing an important role in this project, including the preservation of historical "raw data" such as unpublished correspondence, institutional records, and tape-recorded recollections, using methods AIP has developed for similar projects in other fields.