RUI: Islamic Modernism, Liberal Nationalism and Fundamentalism in the Middle East

本科生研究奖(RUI)为研究当代中东三大意识形态运动提供了支持。第一种是伊斯兰现代主义，它在19世纪末和20世纪初成为伊斯兰教的主导政治趋势。第二个是伊斯兰教的衰落和各种世俗意识形态的兴起，如民族主义和自由主义在20世纪初到中期的崛起。第三是原教旨主义伊斯兰教的崛起，成为反对派运动中的主导趋势，主要是在60年代及以后。这项研究将使用埃及、伊朗、印度、巴基斯坦和叙利亚的档案材料来考察这些意识形态运动兴起的原因，并考察宏观社会经济和政治变化与中东意识形态运动兴衰之间的联系。这项研究将提供对中东国家伊斯兰和其他运动的科学理解，通过这样做，它可能会克服西方文化中存在的一些关于当代中东社会的性质和一般伊斯兰运动的性质的误解。

This Research in Undergraduate Institutions award (RUI) provides support for a study of three major ideological movements in the contemporary Middle East. The first is Islamic modernism, which became the dominant political tendency within Islam in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The second is the ebb of Islam and the rise of various secular ideologies such as nationalism and liberalism in the early to mid-twentieth century. The third is the rise of fundamentalist Islam as the dominant tendency within the opposition movements largely in the sixties and thereafter. The study will use archival materials for Egypt, Iran, India, Pakistan and Syria to examine the causes of the rise of these ideological movements, and to examine the connection between macro socioeconomic and political changes and the rise or decline in ideological movements in the Middle East. This study will provide a scientific understanding of Islamic and other movements in the Middle Eastern countries, and by doing so it may overcome some of the misconceptions that exists in Western cultures on the nature of contemporary Middle Eastern societies and the nature of Islamic movements in general.