Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Democracy, 1815 - 1994

[9511577] O'Loughlin本研究使用政治地理学的视角来考察民主规范和实践在时间和空间上的传播。该研究涵盖了自1815年维也纳会议开始的现代民族国家出现以来的时期，涵盖了随后的民主化浪潮，包括19世纪，20世纪中期的非殖民化，以及最近的民主过渡时期，始于20世纪80年代并持续到20世纪90年代中期。这项调查拒绝了迄今为止用于研究民主传播的原子论框架。这些框架分别关注全球主义、地区主义和地方主义。相反，研究人员发展和测试理论命题，整合所有三个层次的规模，但保留一个时间维度。这种方法综合了内部政治经济进程、区域政治经济竞争以及全球政治经济对民主规范和实践传播的影响和影响。开发和测试了该过程的上下文敏感模型，以适应跨空间和随时间的变化。研究人员利用动态制图技术直观地显示定量信息，展示了民主规范的兴衰如何具有区域和地方以及全球的原因。利用动态时空统计技术，研究人员开发了描述这一过程的参数。我们的目标是建立一个更完整、更有背景的模型，说明民主规范和进程是如何随着时间和空间而扩展的。这项调查将有助于详细说明政治和经济变化如何在不同程度上相互影响。它还将有助于理解是什么促使民主规范和规则在新的情况下发展和生存。重要的是，它还将解决关于民主来源的不同观点之间的争论，将每一种观点整合到一个跨越全球、地区和地方规模的上下文敏感的视角中。＊＊＊

9511577 O'Loughlin This research investigation uses a political geography perspective to examine the diffusion of democratic norms and practices across time and space. The study encompasses the period since the emergence of the modern nation-state beginning with the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and covers the subsequent waves of democratization, including the 19th century, decolonialization in the mid-20th century, and the most recent period of democratic transition, starting in the 1980s and continuing in the mid-1990s. This investigation rejects the atomistic frameworks that have been used to date to study the diffusion of democracy. These frameworks have focused separately on globalism, regionalism, and localism. Rather, the investigators develop and test theoretical propositions that integrate all three levels of scale, yet retain a temporal dimension. The approach integrates internal political economic processes, regional political economic competition, as well as the impact and influence of the global political economy upon the spread of democratic norms and practices. Context sensitive models of this process attuned to the across-space and over-time variations are developed and tested. Using dynamic cartographic techniques designed to display quantitative information intuitively, the investigators show how the ebbs and flows of democratic norms have regional and local, as well as global causes. Using dynamic space-time statistical techniques, the investigators develop parameters to describe this process. The objective is a more complete, contextually informed model of the ways in which democratic norms and processes have been extended over time and over space. This investigation will help elaborate how political and economic changes implicate each other at different levels of scale. It will also contribute to an understanding of what encourages the development and survival of democratic norms and rules in new contexts. Importantly, it will al so address the debate between different views of the sources of democracy, integrating each into a contextually sensitive perspective that spans the global, regional, and local scale. ***