The Political Economy of Stateless Societies During the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Thy, Denmark

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，蒂莫西·厄尔博士和他的同事将继续在丹麦日德兰半岛东北部的蒂尔半岛进行考古研究。过去的工作表明，该地区有丰富的考古遗迹，包括大量的古墓或墓室。在他迄今为止的研究中，厄尔博士发现并挖掘了许多与新石器时代有关的遗址，当时北欧出现了定居农业和乡村生活。在项目的下一阶段，他和他的团队将专注于青铜器时代和铁器时代的后期。他们希望获得关于人口、定居方式和生存方式的详细资料。他们还将重建社会和政治组织的形式，并确定这些形式如何随着时间的推移而变化。为了实现这些目标，他们将进行大规模的调查，以确定建筑特征和表面材料。这些稍后将被收集和分析。然后，科考队将选择最有希望的地点进行大规模挖掘。随着世界上许多地方农业和畜牧业的发展，人们可以追溯到社会组织的变化，这些变化最终导致了国家的兴起。在这一过程的早期，酋长领地出现了，人类学家仍然不明白这一过程发生的机制。一些人认为，更稳定的生存基础所允许的人口增长提供了驱动力，而另一些人则指出了其他因素，如长距离贸易的发展。在青铜和青铜时代的斯堪的纳维亚半岛，酋长领地经历了兴衰的循环。从该地区收集的数据将与世界其他地区的病例进行比较。由此可以将历史细节与运动的基本潜在机制区分开来。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将增加我们对导致像我们自己这样的复杂社会兴起的过程的理解。

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Timothy Earle and his colleagues will continue their archaeological research on the Thy peninsula which is located I northeastern Jutland, Demark. Past work has indicated that the region is rich in archaeological remains including large umber of barrows or burial chambers. In his research to date, Dr. Earle has discovered and excavated a umber of sites associated with the Neolithic Period whe settled agricultural and village life emerged in Northern Europe. In this next stage of the project, he and his team will focus on the later Bronze Age and Iron Age periods. They wish to obtain detailed information on demography, settlement patterns and subsistence practices. They will also reconstruct forms of social and political organizatio and determine how these changed over time. To accomplish these goals, they will conduct broad scale surveys to locate architectural features and surface materials. These later will be collected and analyzed. The team will then select the most promising sites for large scale excavation. Following the development of agriculture and pastoralism in many parts of the world, one can trace changes in social organization which led, ultimately, to the rise of states. Early in this process chiefdoms arose and anthropologists still do not understand the mechanisms through which this happened. Some ague that populationn growth permitted by a more stable subsistence base provided the driving force while others poit to other factors such as the developmet of log distance trade. Over the course of the Broze and Iro Ages in Scandinavia, chiefdoms underwent cycles of rise and decline. The data collected from this area will allow compariso with cases from other parts of the world. From this it should be possible to separate historical particulars from the move basic underlying mechanisms. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will also increase our understanding of the processes which led to the rise of complex societies such as our own.