Research, Technology, and Comparative Advantage

本研究的目的是分析世界经济中创新和技术扩散的动力。这项研究的一个组成部分是，考虑到技术知识在国家和部门之间的分配情况，具体说明和估计生产率差异和贸易模式的模型。该模型暗示，鉴于技术知识的分布，贸易可以影响观察到的生产率衡量标准，因此这些衡量标准间接反映了潜在的技术获取情况。利用该模型对贸易流动和生产率的影响，该模型的参数将根据这些大小的国际数据进行估计。这项研究的第二个组成部分是具体说明和估计作为这一静态贸易模式基础的部门创新和技术扩散的动态模式。不同的国家可能是特定行业的主要创新者，扩散的速度可能取决于所涉及的技术和涉及的国家。该模式包含了在不同国家创新和申请专利的决定。该模型可用于从有关研究投入、生产率和国际专利的部门数据中推断创新的来源和技术流动的方向。这项研究的两个组成部分共同影响：(1)哪些国家是不同部门生产率增长的主要创新者和贡献者；(2)其他国家通过扩散或贸易从这些创新中受益的程度；(3)创新和技术扩散如何影响已观察到的生产力和贸易模式；(4)贸易壁垒如何影响生产率和增长。

The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamics of innovation and technological diffusion in the world economy. One component of this research is to specify and to estimate a model of productivity differences and patterns of trade, given the allocation of technological knowledge across countries and sectors. The model implies that, given the distribution of technical knowledge, trade can influence observed measures of productivity, so that these measures reflect underlying access to technology indirectly. Using the model's implications for trade flows and productivity, the parameters of the model will be estimated with international data on these magnitudes. The second component of the research is to specify and to estimate a dynamic model of sectoral innovation and technology diffusion underlying this static trade model. Different countries may serve as the major innovators in specific industries, and the speed of diffusion may depend on the technology in question and the countries involved. The model incorporates the decision to innovate and to patent innovations in different countries. This model can be used to infer the sources of innovation and the direction of technology flow from sectoral data on research input, productivity, and international patenting. Together, the two components of the research have implications for: (i) which countries are the major innovators and contributors to productivity growth in different sectors; (ii) the extent to which other countries benefit from these innovations, either through diffusion or through trade; (iii) how innovation and technology diffusion affect observed patterns of productivity and trade; and (iv) how barriers to trade affect productivity and growth.