Dissertation Research: Imperial Political Economy and Resource Exploitation in the Cotahuasi Valley, Peru

在Katharina Schreiber博士的指导下，Justin Jennings先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。詹宁斯先生在秘鲁南部安第斯山脉的科塔瓦西山谷进行了初步考古调查，在国家科学基金会的支持下，他将返回进行为期12个月的密集实地调查。虽然非常偏远和难以进入，但山谷丰富的矿产资源，包括金，银和岩盐，使其成为一个重要的位置，西班牙以及之前的帝国将该地区纳入其政治体系。詹宁斯先生的研究目的是比较三个文化时期科塔瓦西人的组织。该地区最初是瓦里帝国的一部分，瓦里帝国的核心位于秘鲁南部高地。在瓦里日食之后，这个山谷被印加人统治，最后在早期历史时期被西班牙人统治。“帝国”的定义是由一个统治核心组成的，这个核心通过武力和其他手段的结合来征服其他民族，使他们处于中央统治之下。控制的方法和合并的手段可能差别很大。在某些情况下，征服主要是通过紧密组织的贸易，在另一些情况下，通过间接统治系统，在其他情况下，通过直接的地方监督和军事力量。通过比较一个地区在三个时期内的各种方法，应该有可能深入了解帝国内部决策的本质以及地理距离和文化视角所施加的组织约束。詹宁斯建立了一个模型，该模型描述了可能伴随不同控制方法的物质相关性，并将通过实地研究确定最适合每个时期数据的模型。他将进行大规模的地面调查，并将利用建筑遗迹和其他特征、它们的位置和与之相关的人工证据（主要是陶瓷）来重建每个时期的定居模式。特别是，他将寻找表示外来者存在的侵入式风格。他还将尝试重建资源开采的组织，以确定这种组织是否会随着时间的推移而变化。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它本质上是跨文化的，并将提供一个机会，在受控的地理环境下，比较欧洲和非欧洲的政治和经济组织制度。它将提供来自南美洲一个鲜为人知的部分的考古数据，这将引起许多考古学家的兴趣。它还将帮助培训一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katharina Schreiber, Mr. Justin Jennings will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Mr. Jennings has conducted preliminary archaeological survey in the Cotahuasi Valley located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru and with National Science Foundation support he will return for an intensive twelve month field season. While very remote and difficult of access, the valley's rich mineral resources which include gold, silver and rock salt make it an important location and the Spanish as well as preceding empires incorporated the region into their political systems. The goal of Mr. Jennings research is to compare the organization of Cotahuasi during three cultural periods. The region was first a part of the Wari empire which had its core in the southern Peruvian highlands. After Wari's eclipse the Valley was ruled by the Inca and finally by the Spanish in early historic times. "Empires" by definition consist of a ruling core which through a combination of force and other means subjugate other ethnic groups to bring them under centralized rule. The methods of control and means for incorporation may vary greatly. In some instances subjugation was primarily through tightly organized trade, in others through a system of indirect rule and in others through direct local oversight and military force. Through comparison of various methods in one region during three time periods it should be possible to gain insight into the nature of decision making within empires and the organizational constraints imposed by geographic distance and cultural perspective.Mr. Jennings has constructed a model which describes the material correlates likely to accompany differing methods of control and will determine through field research which most closely fits the data for each time period. He will conduct a large scale surface survey and will use remains of buildings and other features, their location and artifactual evidence - mostly ceramics - associated with them to reconstruct settlement patterns for each period. In particular he will look for intrusive styles which denote the presence of outsiders. He will also attempt to reconstruct the organization of resource extraction to determine whether this changes in intensity over time. This research is important for several reasons. It is cross cultural in nature and will provide an opportunity to compare, in a controlled geographic context, European and non-European systems of political and economic organization. It will provide archaeological data from a poorly known part of South America which will be of interest to many archaeologists. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.