Dissertation Research: Evaluating Individual Tradable Quotas - A Case Study of New Zealand's Fisheries

自然资源政策对于政策分析家和政治学家来说是一个重要而复杂的问题。许多政治学关注的是权力、商品和服务的治理和分配。但最终，大多数商品都来自自然资源。今天，对政治、经济和科学上合理的自然资源管理政策的需求比以往任何时候都更加重要。受到相当重视的一个自然资源管理问题是渔业。在过去的几十年里，这种情况变得非常严重。随着管理问题的范围变得明显，渔业管理的研究已经加速。因此，在各种社会科学中有大量的文献解决渔业管理中的问题和创新。渔业政策分析可分为养护、市场和社区三类。每种方法都有不同的视角。这些不同的成功标准嵌入在每一种方法中，该领域的文献以不同的方法相互批评为特征，方法之间的交流有限。体制分析和发展框架是一种理论方法，可以通过提供分析共同资源（如渔业）的指南来实现这一目标。此外，IAD框架提供了一整套交易成本和机构绩效标准，非常适合评价渔业政策。本博士论文研究项目评估新西兰渔业配额管理系统（QMS）。QMS是一个典型的基于市场的体系，依靠个人可交易配额将捕捞量限制在一个可持续的产量。由于质量管理体系已有十多年的历史，这是一个评估相对成熟的个别贸易配额制度的绝佳机会。质量管理体系有两个主要目标——维持（或建立）健康的渔业，以及建立一个经济高效的产业。在进行这项研究时，学生回答渔业管理文献中提出的问题，并根据IAD框架中概述的机构绩效标准进行评估。本论文的研究项目有望大大提高我们对这一有趣而重要的政策领域的理解。

Natural resource policy is an important and complex issue for policy analysts and political scientists. Much of political science is concerned with the governance and distribution of power, goods, and services. But ultimately, most goods come from natural resources. Today, the need for politically, economically, and scientifically sound natural resource management policy is more important than ever. One natural resource management issue that has received considerable attention is fisheries. Over the last few decades the situation has become acute. Fisheries management research has accelerated, as the scope of the management problem becomes apparent. As a result, there is a large body of literature in a variety of social sciences addressing problems and innovations in fisheries management.Fisheries policy analysis can be divided into three categories conservation, market-based, and community-based. Each approach has a distinct perspective. These different criteria for success embedded in each of these approaches, the literature in this field is characterized by different approaches critiquing each other, with limited communication among the approaches. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework is one theoretical approach that can accomplish this goal by providing a guide for analyzing common pool resources (such as fisheries). Furthermore, the IAD Framework offers a full set of transaction costs and institutional performance criteria that are well suited to evaluate fisheries policy.This Doctoral Dissertation Research project evaluates New Zealand's fisheries Quota Management System (QMS). The QMS is a classic market-based system that relies on individual tradable quotas to restrict catch to a sustainable yield. Since the QMS is more than ten years old, there is an excellent opportunity to evaluate a relatively mature individual trade quota system. The QMS has two primary goals - - maintaining (or building) healthy fisheries, and building an economically efficient industry. In conducting this research, the student answers questions arising from the fisheries management literature, and performs an evaluation based on the institutional performance criteria outlined in the IAD Framework.This Dissertation Research Project promises to enhance substantially our understanding of this interesting and important policy area.