Calanus Finmarchicus in Icelandic Waters: Population Genetics and Ecology at the Norwegian Sea/N. Atlantic Ocean Boundary

北半球大尺度环流型;大西洋可能将海洋盆地划分为三个半分离的环流系统：挪威海、北方北太平洋、北海和北海。大西洋和西北大西洋。大西洋浮游动物夹带在这些环流可能是生态，繁殖，（也许）遗传不同的地理隔离在不同的循环系统和/或隔离的距离。以往的研究表明，东北部和西部的桡足类哲水蚤（Calanus finmarchicus）的种群数量在1980年至2000年之间变化不大。大西洋的线粒体16 S rRNA的单倍型频率显着不同。该项目将提供一个海洋盆地规模的C。finmarchicus，特别是检查之间的边界N。大西洋和挪威海，通过与冰岛海洋学家合作。 野外采集将在冰岛周围的沃茨进行，该水域位于北大西洋环流之间的边界。大西洋和挪威海，2000年5月/6月海洋研究所春季年度调查期间。在冰岛雷克雅未克的MRI中，将从选定的样本中识别并取出芬兰哲水蚤，然后运往新罕布什尔州大学进行分子分析。三个不同的基因部分将被评估为群体遗传特征，以检查海洋盆地尺度的群体结构和环流群体的分化：线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（COI），编码磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（PGI）的核基因，包括编码区和内含子;和COL分子变异的假定核假基因将通过直接DNA测序和可能通过快速和较便宜的测定，单链构象多态性来评估。（SSCP），它可以检测扩增的DNA的变异性，并确认等位基因的身份。将使用一套群体遗传和统计检验来量化群体的遗传独特性，并在目标尺度上表征群体遗传结构。本文报道了中国南方红豆杉的分布、丰度和遗传变异。finmarchicus将利用等高线测绘和数据可视化，置于一个真实的海洋环境中，包括水团结构和海洋环流模式。

Large-scale circulation patterns in the N. Atlantic may partition the ocean basin into three semi-distinct gyre systems: the Norwegian Sea, the northern N. Atlantic, and the western N. Atlantic. Zooplankton entrained in these gyres may be ecologically, reproductively, and (perhaps) genetically distinct due to geographic isolation in different circulation systems and/or to isolation by distance. Previous studies have demonstrated that populations of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the eastern and western N. Atlantic differ significantly in haplotype frequencies of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA. This project will provide a further examination of ocean basin-scale genetic structuring of C. finmarchicus, and especially examination of the boundary between the N. Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea, through collaboration with Icelandic oceanographers. Field collections will be made in waters surrounding Iceland, which lies at the boundary between the gyres of the N. Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea, during the annual Marine Research Institute Spring Survey in May/June, 2000. Calanus finmarchicus will be identified and removed from selected samples at the MRI in Reykjavik, Iceland, and shipped to the University of New Hampshire for molecular analysis. Three different gene portions will be evaluated as population genetic characters for the examination of ocean-basin scale population structure and the differentiation of gyre populations: the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI); the nuclear gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), including both coding regions and introns; and a putative nuclear pseudogene of COL Molecular variation will be evaluated by direct DNA sequencing and possibly by the rapid and less expensive assay, Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism. (SSCP), which can detect variability of the amplified DNA and confirm allelic identities. A suite of population genetic and statistical tests will be used to quantify the genetic distinctiveness of populations and characterize population genetic structuring at the targeted scales. The distribution, abundance, and genetic variation of C. finmarchicus will be placed in a realistic ocean setting, including water mass structure and ocean circulation patterns, using contour mapping and data visualization.