Ground Failure of Adapzari's Fine Grain Soils and Its Interaction with Building Response

记录和学习从大地震中观察到的经验对于推动地震工程学的实践状态是非常宝贵的。在1999年8月17日土耳其科卡埃利地震和随后的重大震动中，阿塔扎里遭受的严重建筑破坏和生命损失是最严重的。阿塔扎里的建筑破坏模式和广泛的地面故障提供了关于关键地震岩土现象的出色现场表现数据。由于阿加扎里的土壤和地震震动是美国许多案例的代表，从这次地震中吸取的教训直接适用于美国的地震减灾。Adapazari为评估土壤液化和地面软化对建筑环境的影响提供了一个极好的机会。液化的影响包括沉降、倾斜、承载失效和部分建筑物的侧移。建筑物与软化地基土之间的地震相互作用是Adapazari的一个特别重要的特征，因为建筑物附近和建筑物下的地面破坏更为严重。本研究的主要目标是分析地面破坏与建筑物破坏的关系，并评估具有显著细粉(包括塑性和非塑性)的土的循环响应。将通过现场和实验室测试，制定在发生严重和轻微地面故障的工地上建筑性能的详细记录。然后将对这些案例历史进行反向分析，以评估对相关物理过程进行数值模拟的能力。土-结构相互作用分析是评价建筑反应和地面反应与建筑性能之间关系的基础。国际和平研究所与博加齐奇大学的图兰·杜古诺格鲁博士建立了合作研究协会。和萨卡里亚大学的Akin Onalp博士，他们都将参与这个项目。这项研究项目是NSF赞助的一项为期一年的研究的后续项目，该研究记录了Adapazari市建筑和地面性能的关键观察。这项研究的中期和最终结果将通过相关互联网网站广泛发布，以确保所有研究人员和从业人员都可以访问收集的数据。这些站点是位于http://rccg03.usc.edu，的南加州大学的岩土地震工程服务器(GEES)、位于http://peer.berkeley.edu/，的太平洋地震工程研究中心和位于http://www.eerc.berkeley.edu.的EERC网站中期数据报告的发布将使用Geotech和USUCGER邮件列表宣布。最后报告将以网络报告的形式发布，并以Adobe Acrobat文件的形式提供，可从互联网下载。

Documenting and learning from observations from major earthquakes are invaluable to advancing the state-of-practice in earthquake engineering. Adapazari suffered the largest level of gross building damage and life loss of any city affected by the Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake of August 17, 1999, and subsequent major shaking.The building damage patterns and widespread ground failure in Adapazari provide exceptional field performance data on critical seismic geotechnical phenomena. Because the soils and earthquake shaking in Adapazari are representative of many cases in the United States, the lessons learned from this earthquake are directly applicable to earthquake hazard mitigation in the United State. Adapazari provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the effect of soil liquefaction and ground softening on the built environment. The effects of liquefaction included settlement, tilting, bearing failure, and lateral shifting of some buildings. The seismic interaction between buildings and softened foundation soils is an especially important feature in Adapazari, as ground failure was more severe adjacent to and under buildings.The primary goals of this research are to analyze the relationship between ground failure and building damage and to assess the cyclic response of soils with significant fines (both plastic and non-plastic). Well-documented case histories of building performance at sites undergoing severe and minor ground failure will be developed through field and laboratory testing. These case histories will then be back analyzed to evaluate the ability to numerically simulate the associated physical processes. Soil-structure interaction analyses are required to evaluate the relationship between building response and ground response on ground and building performance. The PI has formed collaborative research associations with Dr. Turan Durgunoglu of Bogazici Univ. and Dr. Akin Onalp of Sakarya Univ., both of whom will be involved in this project.This research project is a follow-on to a one-year NSF-sponsored study that documented key observations of building and ground performance in Adapazari.Interim and final results of this study will be made widely available through relevant Internet sites to ensure that all researchers and practitioners have access to the collected data. These site are the Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Server (GEES) of the University of Southern California at http://rccg03.usc.edu, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center at http://peer.berkeley.edu/, and the EERC website at http://www.eerc.berkeley.edu. The release of interim data reports will be announced using the GEOTECH and USUCGER mailing lists. The final report will be released as a web-based report that will be available as an Adobe Acrobat file downloadable from the Internet.