2001 Technology for a Sustainable Environment: Toxic and Nutrient Pollution Prevention in the Chesapeake Bay Using Anion Binding Polymeric Hydrogels (TSE01-C)

CTS-0124237使用阴离子结合聚合物水凝胶预防有毒和营养污染马里兰大学彼得·科菲纳斯摘要即使在极低浓度的废水中也能有效去除营养和有毒阴离子污染物的方法是一项主要的环境需求。这项工作开发了一种方法，介绍了一种新型的交联型阳离子聚合物材料，用于从含水废水中去除此类阴离子。磷酸盐、硝酸盐和高氯酸盐结合的聚胺水凝胶正在用各种交联剂合成。用原子力显微镜对其形态进行了表征，并通过间歇实验和实验室规模的填充柱系统在不同废水条件下进行了测试，优化了这些水凝胶的阴离子传输速率和阴离子结合能力。将对大量生产聚合物的成本进行经济评估，并探索吸附剂再生或处置的可能性。该项目在切萨皮克湾附近具有地方和区域意义，但它也解决了对环境管理者和关注水生生态系统富营养化的普通公众至关重要的国家问题。含有有毒高氯酸盐阴离子的导弹推进剂和向自然水域排放营养污染物的家禽养殖场和水产养殖设施造成了严重的污染问题。拟议的水凝胶能够结合此类废水中的磷酸盐、硝酸盐和高氯酸盐，这可能会带来一种廉价而有效的方法，在废水排放之前去除废水产生系统中的营养和有毒阴离子，并从源头上控制污染，解决美国面临的一些最困难的环境问题。

CTS- 0124237Toxic and Nutrient Pollution Prevention by Use ofAnion Binding Polymeric HydrogelsPeter Kofinas, University of MarylandABSTRACTMethods that will effectively remove nutrient and toxic anion pollutants even at extremely low concentrations from wastewater effluents are a major environmental need. This work develops an approach that introduces novel crosslinked cationic polymeric materials for removal of such anions from aqueous waste streams. Phosphate, nitrate, and perchlorate-binding polymeric amine hydrogels are being synthesized using various crosslinkers. Their morphology is being characterized by use of atomic force microscopy, and the rate of anion transport as well as anion-binding capacity of these hydrogels is being optimized though testing in various wastewater conditions in batch experiments and lab-scale packed column systems. An economic evaluation of the cost to produce bulk quantities of the polymers will be developed, and the possibilities for adsorbent regeneration or disposal will be explored.This project has local and regional significance within the vicinity of the Chesapeake Bay, but it also addresses national issues important to environmental managers and the general public concerned with the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Missile propellants containing toxic perchlorate anions and poultry farms and aquaculture facilities which discharge nutrient pollutants to natural waters pose a serious pollution problem. The ability of the proposed hydrogels to bind phosphates, nitrates, and perchlorates from such effluents may lead to a cheap and efficient way to remove nutrient and toxic anions in wastewater-generating systems before the water is discharged and to control pollution at the source for some of the most difficult environmental problems facing the U.S.