Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: A Genetic Study of Prehistoric Chen Chen - Implications for the Genetic Relationships of Tiwanaku Peoples and the Peopling of South America

这项研究将使用古代DNA和尸体数据来研究陈晨考古遗址的社会组织、生物遗产和文化组成，以确定陈晨的居民是否代表了多个不同的种族，并将陈晨与其他现代和古代美洲原住民进行比较，以评估南美洲的人口历史。陈晨人与安第斯高原、秘鲁海岸或其他山谷的人之间潜在的生物学关系一直是区域考古研究的一个重要课题，尽管文化和骨骼调查做出了重要贡献，但仍有几个未解决的问题。分子遗传数据可以为正在进行的Tiwanaku扩展和Tiwanaku菌落的生物组成和结构研究提供新的视角。拟议研究的数据将为奥斯莫尔流域和蒂瓦纳库总体人口提供第一批大量的基因序列（=50）。此外，这些数据与空间和殡葬数据相结合，是评估Tiwanaku政体是一个多民族社会这一假设的有效手段。在更大的范围内，这些数据将代表一个古老的样本，可以与其他土著群体的数据进行比较，以推断美洲和南美洲人口的时间和性质。古代遗传数据在这些研究中特别有用，因为它们提供了在西方影响之前土著人口遗传组成的信息。这对南美洲西海岸特别有利，在那里，欧洲人在丰富的地质和海洋资源以及可耕地的催化下直接殖民，对当地人口的人口结构产生了强烈的影响。这项研究的另一个好处是了解史前和现代美洲印第安人之间的联系。这项研究的重点是阐明陈晨人的生物学联系，包括他们的时间框架和社会，以及整个美洲的现代土著人口。对古代和现代印第安人DNA多样性的研究已经确定了某些地区在时间和空间上的一定程度的连续性。然而，连续性的出现并不是普遍的。通过将现代本地DNA序列与史前DNA序列进行比较，我们可以更好地了解遗传连续性的程度以及种群事件的时间框架。在这项研究的同时，圣马科斯国立马约尔大学遗传学实验室和新墨西哥大学石质实验室之间成立了一个合作项目，收集秘鲁各地现代美洲土著人口的额外数据，以便与陈晨和其他美洲人口进行比较。

The proposed research will use ancient DNA and mortuary data to examine the social organization, biological heritage, and cultural composition of the archaeological site of Chen Chen to determine whether the inhabitants of Chen Chen represent more than one distinct ethnic group and to compared Chen Chen to other modern and ancient Native American populations in order evaluate the population history of South America.The potential biological relationships between the Chen Chen population and the people of the Andean highlands, the Peruvian coast, or other valleys has been an important topic in regional archaeological research, and although cultural and skeletal investigations have made important contributions, there are still several unresolved issues. Molecular genetic data can provide a fresh look at the ongoing study of the Tiwanaku expansion and the biological composition and structuring of Tiwanaku colonies. The data from the proposed research will provide the first large number of genetic sequences (=50) for the Osmore drainage and the Tiwanaku population in general. Furthermore, these data, in combination with spatial and mortuary data, are an effective means of evaluating the hypothesis that the Tiwanaku polity was a multi-ethnic society.On a larger scale, these data will represent an ancient sample that can be compared to data from other native groups to make inferences regarding the time and nature of the peopling of the Americas in general and South America specifically. Ancient genetic data are particularly helpful in these studies because they provide information about the genetic composition for an indigenous population prior to Western influence. This is especially beneficial for the western coast of South America where direct colonization by Europeans, catalyzed by the rich geological and marine resources and arable land, had strong effects on the demography of native populations.An additional benefit of this research will be understanding the connection between prehistoric and modern American Indians. The focus of this study is to illuminate the biological connections of Chen Chen peoples, both to their time frame and society, as well as to modern Native populations throughout the Americas. Studies of DNA diversity from ancient and modern Native Americans have determined a degree of continuity both temporally and spatially for some regions. Yet, the occurrence of continuity is not universal. By comparing modern native DNA sequences to those of prehistory, we gain better understanding of the degree of genetic continuity over time as well as a temporal framework for population events. In conjunction with this research, a collaborative project between the Laboratorio Genetica at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and the Stone Laboratory at the University of New Mexico has been formed to collection additional data on modern Native American populations throughout Peru so as to compare them with Chen Chen and other American Populations.