SP: Collaborative Research: Safari: A Scalable Architecture for Ad Hoc Networking and Services

在十年多一点的时间里，数字信息和互联网几乎在社会的所有部门发挥了关键作用，包括教育、商业、科学、政府和娱乐。然而，今天的互联网依赖于有线或蜂窝无线基础设施。这种依赖将数字通信的覆盖范围限制在世界上所需基础设施在技术和经济上都是可行的地区；同时，它使网络容易受到威胁这一固定基础设施的灾害和攻击。这项建议旨在开发技术，以减少数字通信对有线和蜂窝无线基础设施的依赖，从而将其覆盖到世界不发达地区和经济上处于不利地位的社会部分，并提高其对自然灾害、战争行为或对其有形基础设施的恐怖袭击的适应能力。这项工作利用了两个研究领域之间的协同作用，这两个领域近年来取得了巨大进展，但迄今大多是独立工作的：(1)临时联网，(2)分散的、自组织的分布式系统。他们在每个领域都组建了一个专家团队，共同解决在基础设施可用但不依赖的情况下利用基础设施的网络体系结构的主要技术挑战：自组织网络体系结构：将开发一种新颖的、自组织的浮标协议，以递归方式将网络细分为自适应的、基于邻近的单元层次结构。信元层次结构为可扩展的路由奠定了基础，并提供了可用于支持网络服务的低开销、基于邻近的覆盖结构。来自每个单元中浮标节点的定期广播有效地传播聚集的位置、寻址和路线信息。可扩展的自组织网络路由：基于浮标协议，他们将为移动和固定设备开发一个可扩展到至少数万个节点的自组织网络路由体系结构。节点只维护少量的网络大小对数的路由状态，以换取稍长一点的路由长度。节点通过监听浮标广播来被动地维护其路由状态，这导致了非常低的路由开销。协议的每节点空间和消息需求最多随网络规模对数增长。自组织网络服务：提出者计划开发利用浮标协议的分层覆盖结构的自组织、健壮和安全的网络服务。基本的命名、主机配置和网络时间服务将确保在没有提供传统的DNS、DHCP和NTP服务的固定基础设施服务器的情况下网络的运行。其他自组织服务将在没有服务器基础设施、手动管理、高容量主干或受信任实体的情况下提供电子邮件、即时消息、存储和内容分发。我们的方法建立在P2P系统的基础上，但利用浮标协议提供的分层、基于邻近的低开销覆盖结构来提供适合自组织无线环境的解决方案。集成自组织网络体系结构：提出者计划开发一个集成有线和无线网络、基于基础设施和自组织服务的网络体系结构。该架构可随时随地利用现有基础设施，而不依赖于其存在。在灾难发生后，该架构将允许幸存基础设施的剩余孤岛与无线、移动组件联合自组织，以恢复和恢复连接和紧急网络服务。同样，该体系结构将允许通过无线特别通信在发展中国家集成有线基础设施孤岛。这项工作的智力优势包括开发科学技术来应对这些挑战；他们将通过对原型实施的分析、模拟和实验评估来评估理论结果、算法和协议；通过出版物、行业合作和学生培训来传播结果；以及分发软件构件，供行业和研究团体评估和使用。这项工作的更广泛影响包括开发技术，这些技术将大大提高数字网络对物理灾害或攻击的抵抗力，并将其影响范围扩大到经济上处于不利地位的社会部分和世界不发达地区。教育影响包括对学生和研究人员的培训，以及与历史上没有参与研究的教育机构的接触。

Within little more than a decade, digital information and the Internet have assumed a critical role in virtually all sectors of society, including education, commerce, science, government, and entertainment. However, today's Internet is dependent on wired or cellular wireless infrastructure. This dependence limits the reach of digital communication to regions of the world where the required infrastructure is technically and economically feasible; at the same time, it renders the network vulnerable to disasters and attacks that threaten this fixed infrastructure. This proposal aims to develop technologies to reduce the dependence of digital communication on wired and cellular wireless infrastructure, thus extending its reach into underdeveloped parts of the world and economically disadvantaged part of society and increasing its resilience to natural disasters, acts of war, or terror attacks on its physical infrastructure.The work exploits synergies between two areas of research that have enjoyed dramatic advances in recent years, but have to date mostly worked independently: (1) ad hoc networking, and (2) decentralized, self-organizing distributed systems. They have assembled a team of experts in each of these areas that will jointly tackle the major technical challenges towards a network architecture that exploits infrastructure when it is available but does not depend on it:Self-organizing network hierarchy: Will develop a novel, self-organizing buoy protocol that recursively subdivides the network into an adaptive, proximity-based hierarchy of cells. The cell hierarchy provides the foundation for scalable routing and provides a low-overhead, proximity-based overlay structure that can be used to support network services. Periodic broadcasts from buoy nodes in each cell efficiently disseminate aggregated location, addressing, and routing information. Scalable ad hoc network routing: Based on the buoy protocol, they will develop an ad hoc network routing architecture for mobile and stationary devices that scales to at least tens of thousands of nodes. Nodes maintain only a small amount of routing state that is logarithmic in the size of the network, in exchange for a slightly longer route length. Nodes maintain their routing state passively by listening to buoy broadcasts, which results in very low routing overhead. The per-node space and message requirements of the protocol grow at most logarithmically with the size of the network. Self-organizing network services: The proposers plan to develop self-organizing, robust, and secure network services that exploit the hierarchical overlay structure of the buoy protocol. Basic naming, host configuration and network time services will ensure the operation of the network in the absence of fixed infrastructure servers that provide conventional DNS, DHCP and NTP services. Other self-organizing services will provide email, instant messaging, storage, and content distribution in the absence of a server infrastructure, manual administration, high-capacity backbones or trusted entities. Our approach builds on foundations from p2p systems, but takes advantage of the hierarchical, proximity-based low overhead overlay structure provided by the buoy protocol to provide a solution suitable for ad hoc wireless environments.Integrated ad hoc network architecture: The proposers plan to develop a network architecture that will integrate wired and wire-less networks, infrastructure-based, and self-organizing services. The architecture takes advantage of existing infrastructure when and where available, without depending on its presence. In the wake of a disaster, the architecture will allow remaining islands of surviving infrastructure to self-organize jointly with wireless, mobile components to recover and resume connectivity and emergency network services. Similarly, the architecture will allow the integration of islands of wired infrastructure via wireless ad hoc communication in developing countries.The intellectual merits of this work include the development of the science and technology to meet these challenges; they will evaluate theoretical results, algorithms and protocols through analysis, simulation, and experimental evaluation of prototype implementations; disseminate the results via publications, industrial collaborations, and student training; and to distribute software artifacts for evaluation and use by industry and the research community. The broader impacts of this work include the development of technologies that will substantially increase theresilience of digital networks to physical disasters or attacks and that will extend its reach into economically disadvantaged parts of society and underdeveloped parts of the world. Educational impacts include the training of students and research personnel and outreach to educational institutions not historically involved in research.