Arabidopsis 2010: Analysis of Four Families of Receptor Protein Kinases

类受体蛋白激酶（receptor-like protein kinases，RLK）是拟南芥中最大的一类蛋白激酶。基于系统发育分析，这一类包含跨膜和胞质蛋白激酶，由至少610个成员组成，因此代表了拟南芥中约2.5%的蛋白质编码基因。 417个RLK基因含有推定的配体结合结构域、单跨膜结构域和预测的胞质蛋白激酶结构域，因此预测其作为受体起作用。 这417个基因可以根据其胞外结构域中发现的序列分为21种不同类型。 然而，目前只有不到12种跨膜RLK的功能信息。 这项研究将集中在216个RLK基因中的61个，这些基因含有细胞外富含亮氨酸的重复序列（LRR）。 在拟南芥中发现了6个RLK突变体：erecta、clavata 1、油菜素类固醇不敏感1、过量小孢子母细胞1、维管公路1和haesa，它们属于LRR VII、X、Xi和XII家族。 基于对这六个充分表征的LRR RLK的功能的已知，合理地假设许多未表征的LRR VII、X、Xi和XIII基因可能在植物生长和发育中起有趣且重要的作用。 两个新出现的主题是：受体激酶是调节蛋白的细胞网络的一部分，包括与其他RLK的物理相互作用，并且一些受体激酶参与类似或重叠的过程。 使用现有的工具和技术，通过分离和表征功能丧失和功能获得突变以及检查LRR VII、X、Xi和XIII基因的表达来确定每个基因的生物学功能。通过这些蛋白激酶介导信号传导的调控网络也将被定义。基因网络：URL上的图：http：//www.mcb.arizona.edu/tax/login.cfm，显示了该项目中LRR RLKs的系统发育树和该项目的简短描述。这将链接到Frans Tax的网站。 确定功能的定义：这些RLK的功能将通过分析单个和多个突变体的表型以及通过分析这些RLK参与的网络（通过酵母双杂交系统的结果）来确定。 表型测试的其他信息将来自于对表达模式的分析，以及其他人对特定环境条件下RLK活性的分析。什么、如何、何时和何地将分享结果：当单个或多个插入或TILLING突变体被验证时，它们将被添加到项目网站，种子将被发送到库存中心。使用Spanlet方案进行表型筛选的结果将在网站上显示，以及启动子：GUS表达模式的照片。这些结果也将链接到PlantsP。本项目产生的所有种子、菌株和分子试剂将保存在ABRC，并附有完整的描述。这些实验的结果也将在会议上公布，并及时提交出版物。这个2010年的项目针对一组独特的植物基因，这些基因的功能未知，预计在控制植物生长和发育方面发挥重要作用。虽然我们对其他基因组完整的生物体中的信号网络了解很多，但对植物细胞感知和识别发育和环境信号的机制却知之甚少。最近开发的几种工具和技术的可用性提供了快速推进对LRR RLKs的生物学功能的理解的手段。更广泛的影响该项目的更广泛的影响包括与高中教师的伙伴关系，以适应参与植物研究和教育伙伴关系（PREP）的高中学生的研究材料，该项目还为代表性不足的少数群体的本科生提供具体的指导和培训。

The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are the largest class of Arabidopsis protein kinases. This class, which based on phylogenetic analysis contains both transmembrane and cytoplasmic protein kinases, consists of at least 610 members and thus represents about 2.5% of the protein encoding genes in Arabidopsis . 417 of the RLK genes contain a putative ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane domain and a predicted cytoplasmic protein kinase domain, and thus are predicted to function as receptors. These 417 genes can be classified into 21 different types based on the sequences found in their extracellular domains. However, there is currently functional information on fewer than a dozen of the transmembrane RLKs. This research will focus on 61 of the 216 RLK genes that contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Six well characterized RLK mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana :erecta, clavata1, brassinosteroid insensitive1, excess microsporocytes1, vascular highway1, and haesa belong to the LRR VII, X, XI and XII families. Based on what is known about the functions of these six well characterized LRR RLKs it is reasonable to hypothesize that many of the uncharacterized LRR VII, X, XI and XIII genes are likely to play interesting and important roles in plant growth and development. Two emerging themes are: that receptor kinases are part of a cellular network of regulatory proteins that includes physical interactions with other RLKs, and that some receptor kinases are involved in similar or overlapping processes. Using existing tools and technologies, the biological functions of each gene will be determined by isolation and characterization of both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations and examination of expression of the LRR VII, X, XI and XIII genes. The regulatory networks that mediate signaling by these protein kinases will also be defined.Network of genes: The figure on the URL :http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/tax/login.cfm, shows a phylogenetic tree of the LRR RLKs in this project and a short description of the project. This will be linked to Frans Tax 's website. There will be links to this from TAIR, PlantsP and the websites from the other participants in the project.Definition of determining the function: The function of these RLKs will be determined through the analysis of the phenotypes of single and multiple mutants and by analysis of the networks these RLKs participate in through results from the yeast two-hybrid system. Additional information to test for phenotypes will come from analysis of the expression patterns and from the analysis by others on RLK activity under specific environmental conditions.What,how,when and where results will be shared: When single or multiple insertion or TILLING mutants are verified, they will be added to the project website and seeds sent to the stock center. The results of phenotypic screens using Gantlet protocols will be displayed on the website,as well photographs of the promoter:GUS expression patterns. These results will also be linked to PlantsP. All seed, strains and molecular reagents generated by this project will be deposited in the ABRC with a full description. Results from these experiments will also be presented at meetings and submitted for publication in a timely manner.This 2010 project targets a unique set of plant genes of unknown function that are expected to have fundamental roles in the control of plant growth and development. Although a great deal is known about signaling networks in other organisms with completed genomes, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which plant cells perceive and transduce developmental and environmental signals. The availability of several recently developed tools and technologies provides the means to rapidly advance the understanding of the biological functions of the LRR RLKs .Broader ImpactsThe broader impacts of the project include the partnership with high school teachers to adapt the research materials for high school students participating in the Partnership for Research and Education in Plants (PREP), as well as the development of training workshops for teachers and scientists to prepare them to participate in PREP. This project also provides specific mentoring and training for undergraduate students that are members of underrepresented minority groups.