The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems

选举制度比较研究(CSES)是一个协调一致的比较项目，能够对全球变化的体制条件下的选举行为进行系统分析。CSE协调世界各地50多项土著国家选举研究的运作，从而确保在每个地点收集的关于公民行为和态度的信息具有可比性。在民间社会企业的主持下，还收集了关于每个参与国的体制安排的信息，也是以可比较的形式收集的。CSES设计、接收、合理化、清理和合并这些数据，然后将它们免费立即提供给世界学术界。CSES是比较研究的独特宝贵资源。CSES数据已经得到了有效利用--使人们能够了解政治机构对民主公民的影响，并为进一步发展比较方法提供了场所--目前正在开展更多的工作。CSES成立于1996年，于2001年完成了第一轮数据收集(单元1)，约有33个国家参加。有50多个国家参加的单元2将于2005年结束。CSE的前两次浪潮分别集中在民主表现和问责制和代表性方面。从2006年开始的第三波CSE将专注于选民在选举中面临的选择集。虽然我们知道选民为什么投票以及如何投票，但我们对选民可以选择的投票方式如何影响却知之甚少。由于规范和理论上的原因，这个问题具有广泛的相关性。这一奖励仅涵盖CSE迄今成功提供的必要的中央协调业务，并适度补充资金，为CSE为来自东欧、非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲较贫穷国家的与会者规划会议提供机票支持。调查本身的所有费用都是由各种国家研究提供的。当委员会成员每年至少主持一次规划委员会会议时，模块的规划将得到委员会成员的补贴；东道主为所有参与者提供会议空间，以及住宿和餐饮。更广泛的影响。CSE是比较政治学研究的倍增器。CSE使人们能够以极低的成本产生价值数百万美元的关于选举行为的有价值的跨国数据。通过有效地协调世界各地的选举专家和中心的努力，CSE为各地对民主政治的深刻和相关问题感兴趣的学者提供了独特的资源。此外，由于CSE是项目之间的合作努力，而不是个人之间的合作努力，涉及的单个项目在重新审视自己的做法和向他人学习方面会产生重要的后果，这些后果尤其重要，因为这些制度化的做法影响了大量学者。最后，由于CSE的一些附属机构，特别是新兴民主国家的附属机构非常新，CSE为这些新兴民主国家的社会科学家提供了一个培训尖端社会科学理论和方法的场所。

The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) is a coordinated comparative project that enables the systematic analysis of electoral behavior under globally varying institutional conditions. CSES coordinates the operation of more than 50 indigenous national election studies across the world, thereby ensuring that information about citizens' behavior and attitudes gathered at each siteis comparable. Under CSES auspices, information about the institutional arrangements that characterize each participating country is also collected, also in comparable form. CSES designs, receives, rationalizes, cleans, and merges these data, and then makes them freely and immediately available to the world's scholarly community.CSES is a uniquely valuable resource for comparative research. Already CSESdata have been put to productive use - enabling the understanding of the consequences of political institutions for democratic citizens and providing a venue for the further development of comparative methodology - and much more work is underway. Established in 1996, CSES completed its first round of data collection (Module 1) in 2001, with some 33 countries participating. Module 2, with more than 50 participating countries, will draw to a close in 2005. The first two waves of the CSES concentrated on the performance of democracy and on accountability and representation, respectively. The third wave of CSES, commencing in 2006, willfocus on the choice set that voters face in an election. While we know a lot about why and how voters vote, we know little about how voting is affected by the kind of choices that are available to the electorate. This issue has broad relevance for both normative and theoretical reasons. This award is to cover only the essential central coordinating operation that CSES has provided so successfully so far, modestly supplemented by funds to provide airfare support to CSES planning meetings for participants from poorer counties in Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. All of the costs of the surveys themselves are contributed by the various national studies. The planning for the modules is subsidized by committee members when they host planning committee meetings at least once annually; hosts provide meeting space, plus lodging and meals for all participants. Broader Impacts. CSES serves as a multiplier of research on comparative politics. CSES makes it possible to generate millions of dollars worth of valuable cross-national data on electoral behavior at a fractional cost. By effectively coordinating the efforts of election specialists and centers around the world, CSES provides a unique resource for scholars everywhere interested in deep and consequential questions of democratic politics. In addition, because CSES is a cooperative effort among projects rather than individuals, there are important consequences for the individual projects involved, in terms of reexamining their own practices and learning from others, and these consequences are especially significant because of the large number of scholars affected by these institutionalized practices. Finally, because some of CSES affiliates, especially those in the emerging democracies, are very new, CSES provides a venue for training social scientists in these emerging democracies in cutting-edge social science theory and methodology.