Microbial Genome Sequencing: Insight into the Evolutionary History of Bacilus Subtilis Through Whole Genome Sequencing

这是枯草芽孢杆菌组细菌的比较基因组测序项目。枯草芽孢杆菌可分为两个主要亚群：168和W23。迄今为止唯一可用的基因组序列是168组的代表，已广泛适应实验室条件。这种适应过程包括连续传代和x射线照射，导致该物种新孤立的环境成员所表现出的许多生态相关社会行为的丧失。为了充分了解这种重要模式生物的多样性，将采用全基因组鸟枪测序方法对另外四个枯草芽孢杆菌分离株的基因组进行测序：枯草芽孢杆菌TU-B-10 （W23类群的类型菌株），莫雅芽孢杆菌RO-H-1（与小麦枯萎病，碳氢化合物回收和新型抗真菌特性相关的近亲），枯草芽孢杆菌NCIB3610（枯草芽孢杆菌168的祖先）和枯草芽孢杆菌RO-NN-1（最近在168类群中分离的环境分离物，基因组比其他枯草芽孢杆菌菌株更大）。枯草芽孢杆菌是仅次于大肠杆菌的第二大研究微生物。它是20,000多份科学出版物的主题，也是许多生物过程的模式生物。目前有20多个大肠杆菌基因组序列可用或正在进行中，而枯草芽孢杆菌只有一个基因组序列。这些基因组序列的比较分析将使我们更好地了解这种重要模式生物的进化。更重要的是，大型和国际科学界（学术、工业和生物防御）将通过访问这些序列得到更好的服务。该项目还将涉及博士后和本科生水平的重要培训，以及开发枯草芽孢杆菌比较基因组学网站。

This is a comparative genome sequencing project of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis group. B. subtilis can be divided into two major subgroups:168 and W23. The only genome sequence available to date is a representative of the 168 group that has been extensively adapted to laboratory conditions. This adaptive process, which includes serial passaging and X-ray irradiation, has resulted in the loss of a number of ecologically-relevant social behaviors exhibited by newly isolated environmental members of this species. To fully appreciate the diversity within this important model organism a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach will be used to sequence the genome of an additional four B. subtilis isolates: B. subtilis TU-B-10 (type strain of the W23 group), Bacillus mojavensis RO-H-1 (close relative associated with wheat blight, hydrocarbon recovery and novel antifungal properties), B. subtilis NCIB3610 (the ancestor to B. subtilis 168) and B. subtilis RO-NN-1 (a recent environmental isolate within the 168 group that has a larger genome than other B. subtilis strains). Bacillus subtilis is the second most studied microbe after Escherichia coli. It is the subject of more that 20,000 scientific publications and a model organism for many biological processes. Currently there are more than 20 genome sequences available or in progress for E. coli and only one genome sequence for B. subtilis. The comparative analysis of these genome sequences will generate a better insight into the evolution of this important model organism. More significantly, the large and international scientific community (academic,industrial and biodefense) will be better served by having access to these sequences. The project will also involve significant training at the postdoctoral and undergraduate levels, and the development of a website of B. subtilis comparative genomics.