Collaborative Research: DRU: Community Risk Management of Hurricane and Tsunami Surge Hazards

该项目开发了评估沿海社区保护自己免受飓风和海啸浪涌危害的最佳选择的工具。研究人员创建全面和综合模型的浪涌影响，警告传输和疏散行为。这些模型帮助应急管理人员决定哪些社区可以安全地从风险区域撤离，哪些社区必须在安全的避难所寻求庇护，以及何时必须采取这些行动。这些模型的开发需要社会和行为科学，信息技术和流体力学领域之间的密切跨学科合作。对应急能力的需求和投资水平取决于这些方案运作的社区环境。因此，收集了关于易受冲击社区在多大程度上已经采用土地使用和建筑施工做法以减少其易受冲击灾害影响的数据，该项目有五项任务，其中第一项是建立冲击灾害伤亡和损害的数学模型。第二项任务是通过调查为调查人员的疏散模式提供更多的输入数据，从而完善这些模式。第三项任务涉及飓风疏散管理决策支持系统（EMDSS）和海啸情景模拟器（SIM-TSUNAMI）之间的系统比较，以确定每个功能，将加强对方。第四项任务是评估EMDSS和SIM-TSUNAMI的功能和可用性。第五项任务是社区政策进程审查，评估家庭海啸灾害意识和应急准备的变化，并审查影响社区管理飓风和海啸巨浪灾害的进程。该研究小组将把研究结果纳入两个计算机模型，EMDSS和SIM-TSUNAMI;其定量预测能力将有助于沿海管辖区的浪涌减灾规划和应急准备计划。研究人员还将开发这些模型的功能和可用性，使其更适合大西洋、海湾和太平洋沿岸地区的应急管理人员、土地使用规划人员和交通规划人员使用。

This project develops tools for assessing coastal communities best options for protecting themselves from hurricane and tsunami surge hazards. The investigators create comprehensive and integrated models of surge impacts, warning transmission, and evacuation behavior. These models help emergency managers decide which neighborhoods can safely evacuate from the risk area, which must seek shelter in safe havens, and when these actions must be initiated. The development of these models requires close interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of social and behavioral science, information technology, and hydrodynamics. The need for, and level of investment in, emergency response capability depends on the community context in which these programs operate. Consequently, data are collected on the extent to which vulnerable communities have already adopted land use and building construction practices that reduce their surge hazard vulnerability.This project has five tasks, the first of which is the development of mathematical models of surge hazard casualties and damage. The second task is the refinement of the investigators evacuation models through surveys that provide additional input data for those models. The third task involves systematic comparisons between a hurricane evacuation management decision support system (EMDSS) and a tsunami scenario simulator (SIM-TSUNAMI) to identify features in each that would enhance the other. The fourth task is an evaluation of EMDSS and SIM-TSUNAMI in terms of their functionality and usability. The fifth task is a community policy process review that assesses changes in households tsunami hazard awareness and emergency preparedness and examines the processes influencing community management of hurricane and tsunami surge hazards. The research team will incorporate the findings into two computer models, EMDSS and SIM-TSUNAMI; their quantitative prediction capabilities will assist coastal jurisdictions in their surge hazard mitigation planning and emergency preparedness programs. The investigators will also develop the functionality and usability of these models to make them more suitable for use by emergency managers, land use planners, and transportation planners for jurisdictions along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts.