Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Pithouses to Pueblos: Aggregation, Animals, and Sustainability seen through Taos Zooarchaeology and Isotopes

在菲奥娜·B·马歇尔博士的监督下，克里斯蒂娜·普尔将分析在新墨西哥州陶斯地区经过50多年的考古发掘发现的动物遗骸。这些动物考古遗迹大约可以追溯到公元900-1320年，来自各种普埃布卢安聚落类型，包括壁塔、单元-普韦布洛和大型聚集村普韦布洛。Pugh将提供对新墨西哥州陶斯市动物的第一次大规模研究。拟议的研究重点是用于应对生存压力的动物狩猎和加工策略。除了考察史前饮食的变化外，这项研究还涉及土地利用战略、人类与环境的互动以及人类住区对动物群落和生物多样性的影响。该项目不仅将使用标准的动物考古方法，还将对非人类动物标本进行新的同位素研究。通过比较涵盖350多年的不同聚落类型的动物遗骸和同位素数据，将有可能解决陶斯地区的群落稳定性和可持续性如何受到聚集、农业集约化、越来越多的人为环境修改和改变野生动物使用的影响。该项目使用了来自陶斯地区八个考古遗址的数据：Cerrita、TA-18、TA-47和A House的圆顶，Pueblos TA-25、TA-26和Sagebrush单元，以及大型聚集村Pot Creek Pueblo。大约30,000具动物遗骸将使用标准的动物考古方法进行检查，如分类变异分析、身体部位表现和骨骼修改。还将收集陶斯地区非人类动物遗骸的同位素数据；总共将分析来自这八个地点的235个样本和来自其附近的15个现代样本。这项研究不仅有助于考古学上理解人类与自然世界的相互作用，以及社区的稳定性和长寿，而且它还提供了关于现代情况的视角，因为世界人口正在向城市生活，对世界日益减少的资源、生物多样性和自然环境的管理的担忧日益增长。除了扩展陶斯地区的知识外，这项研究还将为考古学家和其他研究人员充实不断成熟的比较信息数据库，他们专注于制约村庄生活稳定和不稳定的递归因素。除了社会科学家，许多研究人员，特别是那些对生态管理和饮食同位素工作感兴趣的人，会发现这项研究的动物考古学和同位素成分很有趣。在这项研究过程中，将咨询当地的美洲原住民社区，特别是陶斯和皮库里斯·普韦布洛斯。研究完成后，居住在新墨西哥州北部的人将通过海报、口头报告和在博格温堡图书馆获得一份Pugh的论文副本来获得研究结果。该项目还将通过扩大陶斯伯格温堡的比较动物群收藏和培训陶斯南方卫理公会大学考古实地学校的学生，为未来的动物考古学家创造基础设施和培训。

Under the supervision of Dr. Fiona B. Marshall, Christina Pugh will analyze faunal remains recovered from over fifty years of archaeological excavation in the Taos region of New Mexico. These zooarchaeological remains date roughly to AD 900 - 1320, and come from a variety of Puebloan settlement types including pithouses, unit-pueblos, and the large aggregated village of Pot Creek Pueblo. Pugh will provide the first large-scale study of the fauna from Taos, New Mexico. The proposed research focuses on animal hunting and processing strategies used for coping with subsistence stress. In addition to examining changes in prehistoric diet, the research also addresses land-use strategies, human interaction with the environment, and the effects of human settlement on animal communities and biodiversity. Not only will standard zooarchaeological methods be used in this project, but new isotopic research on non-human faunal specimens will also be conducted.By comparing the faunal remains and isotopic data from various settlement types encompassing over 350 years of occupation, it will be possible to address how community stability and sustainability in the Taos region were affected by aggregation, agricultural intensification, increasing anthropogenic modification of the environment, and changing use of wild game. This project uses data from eight archaeological sites in the Taos region: the pithouses of Cerrita, TA-18, TA-47, and House A, the unit pueblos TA-25, TA-26, and Sagebrush, and the large aggregated village of Pot Creek Pueblo. Approximately 30,000 animal remains will be examined using standard zooarchaeological methods such as analysis of taxonomic variation, body-part representation, and bone modification. Isotopic data will also be collected on non-human faunal remains from the Taos region; in total, 235 samples from these eight sites and 15 modern samples from their vicinity will be analyzed. This research contributes not only to archaeological understanding of human interaction with the natural world, and community stability and longevity, but it also gives perspective on modern situations as world populations push toward city living and concerns for stewardship over the world's diminishing resources, biodiversity, and natural environment grow. In addition to expanding Taos regional knowledge, this research will augment the continually maturing database of comparative information for archaeologists and other researchers who focus on recursive factors that constrain both stability and instability of village life. Beyond social scientists, many researchers, especially those interested in ecological management and dietary isotopic work, will find the zooarchaeological and isotopic components of this research interesting. Local Native American communities, specifically Taos and Picuris Pueblos, will be consulted during the course of this research. After its completion, results of the study will be made available to those living in northern New Mexico, through posters, oral presentations, and by having a copy of Pugh's dissertation at Fort Burgwin's library. This project will also create infrastructure and training for future zooarchaeologists through augmentation of the comparative faunal collection at Fort Burgwin in Taos and training of students at Southern Methodist University's archaeological fieldschool in Taos.