Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry Project Office

海洋在塑造地球气候方面发挥着重要作用，在几十年到几千年的时间尺度上调节着大气中二氧化碳等关键大气痕量气体的水平。尽管最近取得了进展，但关于海洋碳吸收的规模和演变，以及对海洋温度、酸度、环流、营养物质和矿物输入、紫外线辐射、生态变化以及其他气候和人类引起的变化的未来变化的生物地球化学反应和反馈，仍然存在许多关键问题。美国和国际海洋研究界正在制定连贯的研究战略，通过OCCC、SOLAS、Imber和Orion等计划解决其中许多关键未知问题。2006年1月，NSF、NASA和NOAA成立了海洋碳和生物地球化学(OCB)科学指导委员会(SSC)，以协调和帮助领导与美国的这项工作。在该奖项的资助下，将在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)建立海洋碳和生物地球化学(OCB)项目办公室，以促进由OCB科学指导委员会发起、组织和协调的活动。一般而言，这些作用分为四类：1)为南南合作会议、报告和其他南南合作活动提供直接后勤支持；2)促进和促进这些南南合作活动与国家和国际科学界以及更广泛的受众的交流，并充当与美国和国际海洋碳循环科学计划有关的信息交流中心；3)组织社区研讨会、专题讨论会，以及4)教育和外联活动，包括向更广泛的受众、政策制定者和代表性不足的学生宣传海洋碳科学。这一努力将建立在世界卫生组织召集的团队在帮助管理和促进海洋研究计划方面的广泛先前经验的基础上。它还利用世卫组织提供的资源来支持会议和讲习班、项目办公室及其工作人员。这项活动预计将产生一些更广泛的影响。鉴于气候变化的潜在影响和海洋在调节大气组成方面的主要作用，社会迫切需要加强对海洋生物地球化学及其与气候的相互作用的了解。通过促进组织间海洋学委员会的南南合作活动，组织间海洋学委员会项目办公室将为私营部门和国家和国际科学家提供一个中央联络点，并促进专业层面的教育和推广活动，从而鼓励下一代海洋生物地质化学家，并提高公众对这类研究的必要性和价值的认识。将开展的具体教育和外联活动包括：一年一度的为期一周的科学计划，向MSPHDS计划中未被充分代表的少数族裔学生介绍海洋生物地球化学；与COSEE-NE合作，举办有针对性的讲习班，重点帮助海洋科学家讲述他们的研究故事及其对政策制定者的重要性；制作适用于K-12教育的网络材料(一般科学故事；Powerpoint幻灯片和图片库)；向普通公众描述围绕海洋生物地球化学和全球气候问题的知识现状和不确定性。

OCE-0622984The ocean plays a major role in shaping the Earth's climate, regulating on timescales of decades to millennia the atmospheric levels of key atmospheric trace gases such as carbon dioxide. Despite recent progress, many key questions remain regarding the magnitude and evolution of ocean carbon uptake and the biogeochemical responses and feedbacks to future changes in ocean temperature, acidity, circulation, nutrient and mineral inputs, UV radiation, ecological shifts and other climatic and human-induced changes. The U.S. and international oceanographic research communities are developing coherent research strategies for addressing many of these key unknowns through programs such as OCCC, SOLAS, IMBER and ORION. In January 2006, an Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Science Steering Committee (SSC) was created by NSF, NASA and NOAA to coordinate and help lead this effort with the U.S. With funding from this award, an OCB Project Office will be established at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to facilitate activities initiated, organized and coordinated by the OCB Scientific Steering Committee. Broadly speaking, these roles fall in to four categories: 1) direct logistical support to the SSC for its meetings, production of reports and other SSC activities; 2) facilitate and promote communication of these SSC activities to the national and international scientific community and broader audiences, and serve as a clearing house for information related to US and international ocean carbon cycle science programs; 3) organize community workshops, symposia, and, 4) education and outreach activities, including promotion of ocean carbon science to broader audiences, policy makers, and underrepresented students. This effort will build on the extensive prior experience of the team assembled at WHOI in helping manage and facilitate oceanographic research programs. It also leverages resources to be provided from WHOI to support meetings and workshops, the Project Office, and its personnel. This activity is expected to have a number of broader impacts. Improved understanding of ocean biogeochemistry and the interaction with climate are critically needed by society given the potential impacts of climate change and the major role of the ocean in modulating atmospheric composition. By enabling OCB SSC activities, the OCB Project Office will provide a central contact point for PIs and national and international scientists and facilitate education and outreach activities at a professional level, thus encouraging the next generation of ocean biogeochemists and raising public awareness of the need and value of this type of research. Specific education and outreach activities to be undertaken include: an annual week-long science program to introduce underrepresented minority students from the MSPHDS program to ocean biogeochemistry; in collaboration with COSEE-NE, targeted workshops focused on helping ocean scientists tell the story of their research and its importance to policy makers; production of web-based materials (general science stories; Powerpoint slide and image libraries) applicable to K-12 education and the general public describing current state of knowledge and uncertainties surrounding ocean biogeochemistry and global climate issues.