DRU: Designing Resilience for Communities at Risk: Decision Support for Collective Action under Stress

该项目解决了面临持续风险的社区的集体行动问题。在一个多样化的社区中动员协调行动，以减少生命和财产损失，并在面临新出现的危险时保持持续行动，是世界所有区域的共同任务。最近的灾难，如2005年墨西哥湾沿岸的飓风和2004年的苏门答腊岛地震和海啸，说明了这项任务的困难，尽管有现有的灾害计划和政策。集体行动的动员是组织理论中一个长期存在的问题，涉及到经常发生冲突的个人、群体和组织决策过程。这项研究超越了解决集体行动问题的标准组织方法，通过整合技术信息基础设施来扩展人类解决问题的能力。这项研究将测试一种决策支持的社会技术模型，该模型使人类管理者能够比单纯的组织战略更有效地应对压力条件下的复杂挑战。调查人员预计，调查结果将显示出更具创造性和更有效的人类决策能力，因为决策支持的技术手段将向在面临风险的地区运营的更广泛的决策者提供更有针对性、更及时、更有效的信息。项目团队将在非西方环境中测试他们的概念框架，以探索风险下人类决策的相同过程。这项研究的结果将为全球讨论在不确定情况下减少灾害风险、减轻灾害风险和决策提供信息。这些发现将有助于对服务不足的群体以及在西方和非西方文化中暴露于持续风险中的社区进行风险管理的自我组织过程。这些发现将提供一种手段，使社区能够在日常基础上更有效地评估、管理和降低风险，同时与更广泛的资源和支持网络建立有效的关系，以应对极端事件。它将建立在人的学习能力的基础上，并有助于更有效地降低风险。

This project addresses the problem of collective action in communities exposed to continuing risk. Mobilizing coordinated action across a diverse community to reduce loss of lives, property, and maintain continuing operations in the face of emerging danger is a task common to all regions of the world. Recent disasters, such as the 2005 hurricanes on the Gulf Coast and the 2004 Sumatran Earthquake and Tsunami, illustrate the difficulty of this task, despite existing disaster plans and policies. The mobilization of collective action is a long-standing problem in organizational theory, involving individual, group, and organizational decision processes that are often in conflict. This research goes beyond the standard organizational approaches to solve the problem of collective action by integrating a technical information infrastructure to extend human problem solving capacity. This research will test a socio-technical model of decision support that enables human managers to address complex challenges under stressful conditions more effectively than organizational strategies alone. The investigators anticipate that the findings will demonstrate more creative and effective human decision making capacity, as technical means of decision support offer more focused, timely, valid information to a broader range of decision makers operating in a region exposed to risk. The project team will test their conceptual framework in a non-Western setting to explore the same processes of human decision making under risk. Findings from this study will inform the global discussion of disaster risk reduction, mitigation, and decision making under uncertainty. These findings will contribute to self organizing processes of risk management for underserved groups as well as communities exposed to continuing risk in western and non-Western cultures. The findings will offer a means of enabling communities to assess, manage, and reduce risk more effectively on a daily basis, while building effective relationships with wider networks of resources and support to counter extreme events. It will build on human capacity for learning and contribute to more effective reduction of risk.