Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Articulating Local and State Authority in the Early Inka State

在Alan L. Kolata博士的指导下，Steven Kosiba将分析他在Wat'a发掘过程中收集的数据。Wat'a是印加人征服并在秘鲁库斯科地区国家形成的最初过程中重组的一个前印加人强化定居点。宏观植物学和动物学分析将与放射性碳测年相结合，以调查食物消费、加工和储存的变化如何在瓦塔被纳入新生的印卡国家时，保证了新的地位区别和政治权威的制度化实践。实验室分析将由Kosiba和Victor Vasquez Sanchez（马德里自治大学）在秘鲁Trujillo的Andinas考古生物学和古生态学研究中心进行。瓦特阿距离印卡首都库斯科大约40公里，是一个大型的强化和核印卡前定居点。Kosiba在Wat'a的考古调查表明，在印卡时期的建筑和制度重组之前，它已经被占领了大约1000年，从而表明Wat'a是一个重要的地方空间，用于连接新旧形式的政治实践。本研究将通过分析从中晚期（LIP，约1000 -1400年）和印卡时期（约1400-1532年）出土的机构（储存区、露天广场）和家庭结构中出土的大型植物和动物遗骸，调查Wat'a家庭和仪式食物消费的制度转变。特别是，该项目通过调查位于印卡中心地带的一个重要政治中心的印卡前和印卡消费习惯之间的联系，研究了印卡时期制度化宴会的发展。关注宴会活动的研究很重要，因为它调查了在史前非市场社会中，集体劳动是如何被动员起来的，权威是如何通过日常实践（如食物消费）的政治化和制度化而形成的。目前，库斯科地区前印加政治的制度组织记录很少。然而，印卡人对当地定居点的转变只能通过与先前的组织结构进行比较来理解。通过这种方式，该研究的知识价值在于它对印卡国家形成理论的贡献，更广泛地说，是对国家如何通过有选择地改造和保存地方和制度实践来建立权威、动员劳动力和产生政治主体的考古描述。这项研究的更广泛影响将通过其研究和教育的整合以及对参与研究人员的专业培训的承诺来实现。研究结果将在秘鲁库斯科奥扬塔坦博的奥扬塔坦博传统技术与文化中心（CATCCO）博物馆举办的新展览中展示给秘鲁和国际观众。数据还将以英文和西班牙文公布在一个网站上，详细介绍该项目的调查结果。此外，这项研究将大大有助于Kosiba的博士论文，允许Kosiba进一步的专业培训，并培训秘鲁大学生的专业分析技术。通过这种方式，分析将为加强秘鲁和美国考古学家和机构之间的知识和文化合作提供一个独特的机会。

Under the supervision of Dr. Alan L. Kolata, Steven Kosiba will analyze data collected during his excavations at Wat'a, a pre-Inka fortified settlement that the Inkas conquered and reorganized during the initial process of state formation in the Cusco area, Peru. Macrobotanical and faunal analysis will be combined with radiocarbon dates in order to investigate how changes in food consumption, processing, and storage underwrote new status distinctions and institutionalized practices of political authority as Wat'a was incorporated into the nascent Inka state. The laboratory analysis will be conducted by both Kosiba and Victor Vasquez Sanchez (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) in the Centro de Investigaciones Arqueobiologicas y Paleoecologicas Andinas, Trujillo, Peru. Located approximately 40km from the Inka capital of Cusco, Wat'a is a large fortified and nucleated pre-Inka settlement. Kosiba's archaeological investigations at Wat'a have demonstrated that it was occupied for approximately 1000 years prior to its architectectural and institutional reorganization during the Inka period, thereby suggesting that Wat'a was an important local space for the articulation of old and new forms of political practice. This research will investigate institutional transformations in domestic and ceremonial food consumption at Wat'a by analyzing excavated macrobotanical and faunal remains from institutional (storage areas, open plazas) and household structures, from both Late Intermediate (LIP, ca. 1000 -1400AD) and Inka Period (ca. 1400-1532AD) contexts. In particular, the project examines the development of Inka period institutionalized feasting by investigating links between pre-Inka and Inka consumption practices at an important political center located within the Inka heartland. Research focusing on feasting activities is important because it investigates how, within prehistoric non-market societies, collective labor was mobilized and authority was constituted through the politicization and institutionalization of everyday practices, such as food consumption. Currently, the institutional organization of Cusco area pre-Inka polities is poorly documented. Yet, Inka transformations of local settlements can only be understood in comparison to the prior organizational structure. In this way, the intellectual merit of the research is its contribution to theories concerned with Inka state formation, and more generally, archaeological accounts of how states establish their authority, mobilize labor, and produce political subjects by selectively transforming and preserving local places and institutional practices. The broader impact of this research will be realized through its integration of research and education, as well as its commitment to the professional training of participating researchers. Results will be presented to a Peruvian and international audience through their inclusion in a new exhibit to be constructed at the CATCCO (Centro Andino de Tecnologia Tradicional y Cultural de las Comunidades de Ollantaytambo) museum in Ollantaytambo, Cusco, Peru. Data will also be made public through inclusion in a website detailing the project's findings in both English and Spanish. Moreover, the research will greatly contribute to Kosiba's doctoral dissertation, allow for the further professional training of Kosiba, and train Peruvian university students in specialized analytical techniques. In this way, the analysis will provide a unique opportunity to strengthen intellectual and cultural partnerships between archaeologists and institutions from Peru and the United States.