VOCALS: Measurements of Organic Aerosol Composition to Improve Aerosol-Cloud Characterization

在VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究(VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究)实验期间，将在R/V Ron Brown上测量气溶胶的有机成分，总体目标是减少气溶胶/气候相互作用的不确定性。构成大气中有机部分的化合物涵盖了广泛的化学、热力学和光学性质，这些性质中没有一个是足够清楚的，无法在全球气候模型中描述。这些数据将代表对南半球气溶胶中有机官能团的一些首批测量，并将用于量化有机化合物的数量和类型，并评估云中有机颗粒的微物理和光学作用。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)光谱、气溶胶质谱仪(AMS)和近边X射线吸收精细结构扫描透射式X射线显微镜(NEXAFS/STXM)将用于测量元素、有机官能团和有机质量的气溶胶浓度。以下气溶胶性质将被测量：用FTIR和AMS测量有机质量和有机质量/有机碳比(OM/OC)；用FTIR测量有机官能团，用AMS测量有机质量碎片；用NEXAFS/STXM测量单颗粒有机成分和形态。测量的有机成分将用微物理和热力学模型进行分析。该项目为研究生和博士后研究人员提供了参加多国声乐科学团队的机会。这一合作将加强国际联系，并为发展中国家的科学进步做出贡献。研究人员和学生将参与为声乐开发的外展和K-12教育项目并做出贡献。这项工作的更广泛的科学影响将是更好地理解有机气雾剂的气候相关影响。

Measurements of the organic fraction of aerosol will be made on the R/V Ron Brown during the VOCALS (VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study) experiment with the overall goal of reducing uncertainty in aerosol/climate interactions. The compounds that constitute the organic fraction in the atmosphere span a wide range of chemical, thermodynamic, and optical properties, none of which are known sufficiently well to be described in global climate models. The data will represent some of the first measurements of organic functional groups in aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere, and will be used to quantify the amount and types of organic compounds and assess the microphysical and optical roles of organic particles in clouds. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (NEXAFS/STXM) will be used to measure aerosol concentrations of elements, organic functional groups, and organic mass. The following aerosol properties will be measured: organic mass and organic-mass-to-organic-carbon ratios (OM/OC) by FTIR and AMS; organic functional groups by FTIR and organic mass fragments by AMS; and single-particle organic composition and morphology by NEXAFS/STXM. The measured organic composition will be analyzed with microphysical and thermodynamic models.This project provides the opportunity for a graduate student and a postdoctoral researcher to participate in the multinational scientific team for VOCALS. The collaboration will strengthen international ties and contribute to the advancement of science in a developing country. The investigators and students will participate in and contribute to outreach and K-12 educational programs developed for VOCALS. The broader scientific impacts of this work will be an improved understanding of the climate-related effects of organic aerosols.