MRI: Development of a Mobile, Rapid-scan, X-band, Polarimetric Doppler Radar

该主要研究仪器奖的目标是开发一种具有极化能力的新型、快速扫描、高分辨率、移动、体积成像、x波段气象多普勒雷达。该雷达将由首席研究员（PI）和他的研究生在现场使用。PI在使用移动多普勒雷达方面有超过30年的现场经验和20年的经验。智力优势：高分辨率、快速扫描的雷达对于研究龙卷风和其他时间尺度非常短的气象现象是必要的。部分原因是由于研究这些特征非常困难，所以人们对它们没有很好的理解。虽然在发展用于气象应用的电子扫描雷达方面有广泛的兴趣，这种雷达有几个缺点，最重要的是窄波束系统的高成本。此外，目前的电子扫描雷达仅限于单极化操作，无法利用基于极化量的雨率提取算法。通过将脉冲压缩、跳频雷达与安装在高速基座上的大型双极化天线相结合，该系统将能够在不到一分钟的时间内以合理的成本获得首次完全极化的强风暴体积图像。该雷达将用于绘制具有很短时间尺度和相对短空间尺度的现象的反射率和风场，例如龙卷风、强对流风暴、热带气旋的眼壁和降水带以及一些边界层特征。雷达将允许记录和研究快速演变的结构，否则是不可能的。具有极化能力将使水成物类型的识别成为可能，这对对流风暴的热力和动力过程具有重要意义。更广泛的影响：该雷达将用于进一步了解可能造成破坏和伤害的风暴。获得的知识可以用来改进对公众的警告。气象学和电气工程专业的研究生将在使用雷达、分析和解释数据、建议和实施对雷达的修改方面获得宝贵的经验。该雷达将成为俄克拉何马大学大气雷达研究中心雷达创新实验室的一部分，并将提供给当地和国家社区。将鼓励代表性不足的群体参与利用雷达的项目。目前，两名女性博士研究生正在PI的监督下，预计当雷达可用于该领域时，两人仍将居住。

The goal of this Major Research Instrumentation award is to develop a novel, rapidly scanning, high-resolution, mobile, volume imaging, X-band, meteorological Doppler radar having polarimetric capability. The radar will be used in the field by the Principal Investigator (PI) and his graduate students. The PI has over thirty years of field experience and two decades of experience in using mobile Doppler radars. Intellectual merit: High-resolution, rapidly scanning radars are necessary to study tornadoes and other meteorological phenomena having very short time scales. In part because it is so difficult to study such features, they are not well understood. Although there is widespread interest in developing electronically scanned radars for meteorological applications, such radars have several drawbacks, the most significant being the high cost for a narrow-beam system. Furthermore, current electronically scanned radars are limited to single polarization operation that cannot take advantage of rain rate extraction algorithms based on polarimetric quantities. By combining a pulse compression, frequency hopping radar with a large, dual- polarized antenna mounted on a high speed pedestal, the system will be able to achieve the first ever fully polarimetric volume images of severe storms in less than a minute, at a reasonable cost. The radar will be used to map the reflectivity and wind fields in phenomena characterized by very short time scales and relatively short space scales, such as tornadoes, severe convective storms, the eyewall and precipitation bands in tropical cyclones, and some boundary-layer features. The radar will permit the documentation and study of rapidly evolving structures that would otherwise not be possible. Having polarimetric capability will make possible the identification of hydrometeor type, which is important for the thermodynamic and dynamic processes in convective storms. Broader impacts: The radar will be used to further knowledge of potentially damaging and injury-causing storms. Knowledge gained can be put to use for improving warnings to the public. Graduate students in meteorology and electrical engineering will gain valuable experience in using in the radar and analyzing and interpreting the data, and in suggesting and implementing modifications to the radar. The radar will become part of the Radar Innovations Laboratory at the Atmospheric Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma and will be made available to the local and national community. Underrepresented groups will be encouraged to participate in projects making use of the radar. Currently, two female, Ph. D. students are being supervised by the PI and it is expected that both will still be in residence when the radar is available for the field.