Dictionary of American Regional English

美国英语被媒体和美国公众的流动性“同质化”了吗？在几代人的时间里，我们都会使用相同的词汇吗？出版的四卷《美国区域英语词典》(DARE)表明，虽然语言不可避免地会随着时间的推移而变化，但仍然有成千上万的单词、短语和发音在我们国家的不同地方有所不同。区域分布的范围可能很小(例如，“Tump”，切萨皮克湾地区的意思是“吊床”，或“Tough Jack”，意思是肯塔基州的一种糖蜜糖果)；也可能是非常大的区域分布(例如，在北部和西部的大部分地区都能找到“摇摇晃晃的”，以及在南部和中部大部分地区使用的补充术语“摇摇晃晃”)。在国家科学基金会的部分支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和DARE的工作人员将完成第五卷(SL-Z)，计划于2010年由哈佛大学出版社的贝尔纳普出版社出版。第一卷(A-C)于1985年出版，第二卷(D-H)于1996年出版，第三卷(I-O)于1996年出版，第四卷(P-Sk)于2002年出版。DARE工作人员还将编写第六卷，其中将包括一个全面的参考书目，五卷DARE文本中使用的地区、用法和词源标签的索引，以及显示词汇集合的地区分布的对比图集合(例如，用于描述长面包中的三明治的“HERO”、“HOAGIE”、“SUB”、“GRINDER”、“TREPEDO”、“CUBA”、“WEDGE”等)。他们还将继续进行电子版的准备工作。DARE材料(包括录音和已出版的卷)已被教师、语言学家、图书馆员、词典编纂者和历史学家广泛使用。它们也被证明对法医语言学家(根据他们对地区词汇的使用来识别嫌疑人)、医生(他们需要理解病人用来描述他们的疾病的民间术语)、精神病学家(他们使用带有答案的标准化词汇测试，往往无法识别地区差异)以及记者、研究人员、方言教练和剧作家非常有用。喜欢我们美国英语语言的多样性和创造性的读者也喜欢《美国地区英语词典》。DARE被《纽约时报》描述为“美国正在进行的最激动人心的语言项目”和“当代美国学术界的荣耀之一”。

Is American English being "homogenized" by the media and the mobility of the American public? Will we all use the same vocabulary within a few generations? The four published volumes of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) demonstrate that, while language inevitably changes with the passage of time, there are still thousands of words, phrases, and pronunciations that vary from one part of our country to another. Regional distributions can be quite small (e.g., "tump," meaning "a hummock" in the Chesapeake Bay area, or "tough jack," denoting a kind of molasses candy in Kentucky); or they can be very large (e.g., "teeter-totter," which is found across most of the North and West, and "see-saw," the complementary term used in much of the South and Midland). With partial support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of DARE will complete Volume V (Sl-Z), scheduled for publication in 2010 by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Volume I (A-C) was published in 1985, followed by Volume II (D-H) in 1996, Volume III (I-O) in 1996, and Volume IV (P-Sk) in 2002. The DARE staff will also work on Volume VI, which will include a comprehensive bibliography, an index to the regional, usage, and etymological labels used in the five volumes of DARE text, and a collection of contrastive maps showing the regional distributions of lexical sets (e.g., "hero," "hoagie," "sub," "grinder," "torpedo," "Cuban," "wedge," etc., to describe a sandwich in a long bun). They will also continue with the preparatory work for an electronic edition.DARE materials (including audio recordings as well as the published volumes) have been widely used by teachers, linguists, librarians, lexicographers, and historians. They have also proved to be highly useful to forensic linguists (who identify suspects based on their use of regional vocabulary); to physicians (who need to understand the folk terms used by their patients to describe their ailments); to psychiatrists (who use standardized vocabulary tests with answer keys that often fail to recognize regional variation); and journalists, researchers, dialect coaches, and playwrights. The "Dictionary of American Regional English" is also enjoyed by readers who delight in the variety and creativity of our American English language. DARE has been described in the New York Times as "the most exciting linguistic project going on in the United States" and "one of the glories of contemporary American scholarship."