The phylogeny and evolution of holometablolous insects (Endopterygota)

内翅昆虫不仅是迄今为止物种最丰富的动物类群，而且由于不同的生命阶段显示出很大程度上独立的特征集，因此对系统发育研究特别有吸引力。然而，这一问题的成因并没有得到充分的澄清。在分子研究中使用的基因的有用性是有限的，形态学数据矩阵主要是从文献中编译，没有很好的记录。本项目旨在建立一个综合数据集，特别是字符，这些字符以前很少使用或没有用比较方法进行充分研究（例如，翼关节，发育特征）。重点放在仔细和协调的分类单元取样，创新的形态学技术（例如，X射线显微断层摄影术）和对人物的创新和详细的记录。数据将存储在一个数据库中，其中包含矩阵中输入的字符状态的详细信息（和说明）。将进行不同的分支分析（例如，幼虫与成虫特征），形态学特征将与M。杨百翰大学（Brigham Young University）将重建的性格演变和进化的场景将开发的基础上的总证据分析。

Endopterygote insects are not only the by far the most species rich group of animals, but also especially attractive for phylogenetic investigations as different life stages display largely independent character sets. Nevertheless, the phylogeny is not sufficiently clarified. The usefulness of the genes used in molecular studies is limited and morphological data matrices were mainly compiled from the literature and not well documented. The present project aims at the creation of a comprehensive data set, especially with characters, which were scarcely used previously or not studied sufficiently with a comparative approach (e.g., wing articulation, developmental characteristics). Emphasis is placed on careful and co-ordinated taxon sampling, innovative morphological techniques (e.g., x-ray microtomography) and on an innovative and detailed documentation of the characters. The data will be stored in a data bank with detailed information (and illustrations) for the character states entered in the matrix. Different cladistic analyses will be carried out (e.g., larval versus adult features) and the morphological characters will be combined with molecular data in co-operation with Prof. M. Whiting (Brigham Young University). The character evolution will be reconstructed and an evolutionary scenario will be developed based on the total evidence analyses.