Mobile Money, Mobile Regulation: What the "Savings Challenge" Means for Mobile Communications and Banking

移动货币、移动监管：“储蓄挑战”对移动通信和银行意味着什么摘要在肯尼亚，超过600万人订阅了一项名为M-PESA的服务，通过他们的移动电话向他们的朋友和亲戚汇款，既便宜又安全。在菲律宾，人们可以通过名为Globe GCASH的类似服务向偏远岛屿上的家人汇款，该服务目前有200万人在使用。在世界各地，像这样的手机理财服务正在兴起。鉴于其出现的速度之快，“移动货币”通常在监管指导方针出台之前就已部署。当电信公司涉足转账和银行业务时，不仅可能引发文化冲突，还会给消费者、银行和金融体系本身带来风险。谁持有这些存款？当这些存款存在人们的账户中时，他们会做什么？如果你丢了手机，你的存款会随之流失吗？该项目依赖于对监管机构和行业参与者的采访；档案资料收集与分析；以及行业和监管站点的人种学，以了解围绕新兴移动货币法规的辩论和知识转移。它问监管创新从何而来；监管机构如何在行业和非营利机构之间进行三角定位；发展中国家之间的监管知识转移是否变得比从发达国家到发展中国家更为重要；以及对移动货币的监管是否可以被视为监管趋同或捕获的一个例子。这项研究将加深对快速技术和经济转型条件下监管变化的理解。它有可能影响移动货币的监管框架。它还将有助于将发展战略的重点从小额供资转向小额储蓄。如果能够以谨慎的方式克服各种监管障碍，关注风险、安全和消费者保护，那么移动储蓄货币就有可能改变非常贫困人口的生活，对他们来说，进入壁垒和储蓄成本太高。

Mobile Money, Mobile Regulation: What the "Savings Challenge" Means for Mobile Communications and BankingAbstractIn Kenya, over 6 million people subscribe to a service called M-PESA to send money to their friends and relatives cheaply and securely over their mobile phones. In the Philippines, people can remit money to family members on remote islands through a similar service called Globe GCASH, now used by 2 million people. Around the world, mobile phone-enabled money services like these are taking off. Given the rapidity of its emergence, "mobile money" is often being deployed in advance of regulatory guidelines. When telecommunications companies get into the business of money transfer and banking, there is the potential for a clash of cultures as well as risks to consumers, banks and the financial system itself. Who holds the deposits, and what do they do with them while they sit in people's accounts? If you lose your phone, do your savings go with it? This project relies on interviews with regulatory and industry participants; archival data collection and analysis; and ethnography in industry and regulatory sites to understand the debates and knowledge transfers around emerging regulations for mobile money. It asks where regulatory innovations come from; how regulators triangulate among industry and nonprofit actors; whether regulatory knowledge transfers between developing world countries have become more important than from the developed to the developing world; and whether the regulation of mobile money can be seen as an instance of regulatory convergence or capture. The research will enhance understanding of regulatory change under conditions of rapid technological and economic transformation. It has the potential to influence regulatory frameworks for mobile money. It will also contribute to refocusing development strategies from microfinance to microsavings. If various regulatory barriers can be overcome in a prudent manner that attends to risk, security and consumer protection, then mobile money for savings has the potential to transform the lives of the very poor, for whom the entry barriers and costs of savings are too high.