Collaborative Research: SES 98-1320: Innovation Personnel and their Ecosystem: Career Choices and Trajectories of Scientists - Industry or Academia and Basic or Applied?

美国经济的活力一直受到基础科学和应用科学的持续进步的推动，这些进步在学术界和工业界进行。 这些关键的宏观（机构和国家政策）层面因素的基础是科学家自己做出的个人决定，因为他们在与他们所做的工作相关的职业选择中做出选择：基础科学或应用科学;以及他们在哪里做：学术界或工业界。123了解这些微观因素对于制定个人职业战略、加强企业和大学的竞争力以及设计合理的经济政策都是必要的。它基于这样一个前提，即与实现基础和应用研究最佳水平有关的社会目标可以通过建立适当的激励结构来最好地实现，该结构为科学家在学术或工业环境中的基础和/或应用科学职业提供最佳匹配。 该研究开发了新的理论模型，建立在匹配，人力资本和内生增长理论，以及新的经验证据，使用科学和工程领域的学士和博士毕业生的面板数据从科学家和工程师统计数据系统（SESTAT）由NSF开发。智力优点：该研究提供了一个新的框架，以确定偏好，能力，工作特征和机构设置在职业选择和职业生涯轨迹的科学家相结合的匹配模型和人力资本模型的作用。个人和机构特征的相互作用被明确地输入到一个模型中，并进行实证检验，以了解其对个人选择和绩效以及对整个市场或经济的影响。该研究还通过强调基础科学和应用科学之间的相互作用和协同作用，为内生经济增长模型提供了新的视角和新的微观基础。特别是，研究中的框架有助于识别线性模型未能识别的经济增长来源。更广泛的影响：这项研究为现有和未来的科学家提供了信息，这些科学家开始从事其他职业，寻求与他人合作或获得自己的补充技能。 它向大学和公司介绍基础科学和应用科学之间的协同作用来源，并帮助它们设计一项激励计划和一项体制安排，以吸引和留住创新人员，并从科学中获益。

The dynamism of the U.S. economy has been fueled with continued advances in basic and applied science, conducted within both academic and industry boundaries. Underlying these critical macro (institutional and national policy) level factors are individual decisions made by the scientists themselves, as they choose among careers options that relate to what they do: basic or applied science; and where they do it: academia or industry. An understanding of these micro level factors is necessary to formulate an individual career strategy, to strengthen the competitiveness of both firms and universities and to design sound economic policiesThis proposal examines the micro factors related to scientific labor markets that influence institutional and policy issues. It is based on the premise that societal goals related to achieving an optimal level of basic and applied research can be best achieved by creating the appropriate incentive structure that provides for an optimal matching of scientists to careers in basic and/or applied science, within academic or industry settings. The research develops new theoretical models that build on matching, human capital and endogenous growth theory, and new empirical evidence using panel data on baccalaureate and doctoral graduates in science and engineering fields from Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) developed by the NSF. Intellectual merit: The research provides a new framework to identify roles of preference, ability, job characteristics, and institutional settings in career choices and the career trajectory of scientists by combining a matching model and a human capital model. The interaction of individual and institutional characteristics is explicitly entered into a model and empirically tested to understand its impacts on individual choices and performances as well as on the entire market or economy. The research also offers new perspectives and a new micro-foundation for endogenous economic growth models by emphasizing interactions and synergies between basic and applied science. In particular, the framework in the research helps identify sources of economic growth that the linear model has failed to recognize. Broader impacts: The research informs existing and prospective scientists embarking on alternative careers and seeking collaborations with others or acquiring their own complementary skills. It informs universities and firms of sources of synergies between basic and applied science, and helps them design an incentive scheme and an institutional arrangement for attracting and retaining innovative personnel, as well as extracting the benefits of science.