High-speed Estimation and Control using Slow-rate Integrative Image Sensors for Adaptive Optics

该奖项的研究目标是实现高速自适应光学（AO）系统，使用慢速图像传感器，如电荷耦合器件（CCD）或互补金属？氧化物？半导体（CMOS）阵列，用于反馈。 这种传感器目前仅限于低带宽应用，因为它们的采样速率相对较慢。拟议的研究将借鉴图像传感器的综合性质，以克服这种带宽限制相结合的多速率系统的估计理论（从系统理论）和模糊运动算法（从图像处理）。该项目的成果包括：（1）将物体的动态转换为图像传感器测量的空间强度分布的系统理论分析，（2）使用慢速图像传感器的快速、准确和鲁棒的输出估计和识别策略，（3）用于设计和分析图像传感器系统的前馈和反馈律的工具;以及（4）用于成像系统的高速激光束整形和高速波前像差校正演示。 该项目的成功完成将使具有成本效益的低速图像传感器能够用于高速应用，这在目前由于低带宽限制而不可行。因此，所获得的关键见解不仅会影响高性能AO系统，还会影响其他依赖图像传感器反馈的高速系统，例如视觉伺服机器人，气动光学湍流测量系统和并行光镊。与工业合作伙伴一起，这项研究的结果将传播给来自不同技术的从业者，包括激光加工和高速扫描晶圆检测。从事该项目的研究生和本科生将接受光学，系统理论和图像处理的独特跨学科理解的培训。该项目还将通过开发嵌入可控乐高积木的无源和有源光学元件，向中学生介绍令人兴奋的自适应光学领域。

The research objective of this award is to realize high-speed adaptive optics (AO) systems that use slow-rate image sensors, such as charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor (CMOS) arrays, for feedback. Such sensors are currently limited to only low bandwidth applications due to their relatively slow sampling rates. The proposed research will draw on the integrative nature of the image sensor to overcome this bandwidth limitation by combining estimation theory for multi-rate systems (from systems theory) and blur-to-motion algorithms (from image processing). Deliverables from this project include: (1) a system-theoretic analysis of the translation of the dynamics of an object into the spatial intensity distribution measured by an image sensor, (2) fast-rate, accurate, and robust output estimation and identification strategies using slow-rate image sensors; (3) tools for design and analysis of feedforward and feedback laws for systems with image sensors; and (4) demonstration of high-speed laser beam shaping and high-speed wavefront aberration correction for imaging systems. The successful completion of this project will enable the use of cost-effective slow-rate image sensors in high-speed applications, which is currently infeasible because of low bandwidth restrictions. Key insights obtained will thus impact not only high-performance AO systems but also other high-speed systems that rely on image sensor feedback, such as visual-servo robots, aero-optics turbulence measurement systems, and parallelized optical tweezers. Together with industrial partners, the results of this research will be disseminated to practitioners from diverse technologies, including laser processing and wafer inspection with high speed scanning. Graduate and undergraduate students engaged in this project will be trained for a unique interdisciplinary understanding of optics, systems theory, and image processing. The project will also introduce middle and high school students to the exciting area of adaptive optics through development of passive and active optical components embedded into controllable Lego blocks.