Collaborative Research: Continuous Records of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol Deposition During the Holocene: Testing the Fidelity of New Methods for Reconstructing Atmospheric Change

该项目的主要目标是利用新的测量技术来评估冰芯中甲烷，一氧化碳和一氧化二氮气体测量的保真度，作为大气浓度和变化的记录，并开发出第一个高分辨率的北方半球大气甲烷和一氧化碳记录，在过去的1400年中，没有现场或冰芯特定的文物。为了了解埋藏速率和历史、冰杂质以及钻探和分析技术对冰芯气体浓度的影响，拟议的项目将进一步完善和改进连续气体测量的新方法，并使用这些改进的方法分析来自格陵兰北方三个广泛分布的地点：Tunu、D4和NGRIP的冰芯样品中的气体和气溶胶。它们都位于寒冷、干燥的雪区，但每年的累积率不同，并受到不同气溶胶源和输送途径的影响。两个网站以前被用于积雪气体的研究，这将提供所需的控制积雪和气体截留建模。D4和NGRIP有存档的岩心样品，但需要从Tunu现场获得新的岩心。拟议的测量将利用沙漠研究所（DRI）的连续流分析与微量元素系统，能够量化灰尘，海盐，生物质燃烧和火山气溶胶。该系统最近扩展到包括由俄勒冈州州立大学（OSU）、DRI和其他国际合作者在NSF国际研究和教育伙伴关系（PIRE）资助下开发和改进的连续气体测量，该资助主要侧重于学生参与和国际合作，而不是研究。 拟议的项目将扩展过去的K-12和其他外展战略，包括与冰钻计划办公室的外展专家协调和发展活动。 广泛的推广将实现与全球，辐射，冰盖建模社区，NSTA相关的努力，并公开讲座。

The primary goals of the project are to exploit new measurement techniques to evaluate the fidelity of methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide gas measurements in ice cores as records of atmospheric concentrations and change and to develop a first, high-resolution Northern Hemisphere record of atmospheric methane and carbon monoxide during the past 1400 years free of site- or ice-core-specific artifacts. To understand the influences of burial rate and history, ice impurities, as well as drilling and analytical techniques on ice core gas concentrations, the proposed project will further refine and improve new methods for continuous gas measurements and use these improved methods to analyze gases and aerosols in ice core samples from three widely distributed sites in northern Greenland: Tunu, D4, and NGRIP. All are located in the cold, dry snow zone, but each has a different annual accumulation rate and is influenced by different aerosol sources and transport pathways. Two sites previously were used for firn gas studies which will provide needed controls for firn and gas-entrapment modeling. Archived core samples are available for D4 and NGRIP, but a new core from the Tunu site is required. The proposed measurements will utilize the Desert Research Institute's (DRI's) continuous-flow analysis with trace elements system capable of quantifying dust, sea salt, biomass burning, and volcanic aerosols. This system was recently expanded to include continuous gas measurements being developed and refined by Oregon State University (OSU), DRI, and other international collaborators under an NSF Partnerships in International Research and Education (PIRE) grant primarily focused on student participation and international collaborations rather than research. The proposed project will extend past K-12 and other outreach strategies, including coordination and development of activities with outreach specialists at the Ice Drilling Program Office. Broad outreach will be achieved with the global, radiative, and ice sheet modeling communities, NSTA-related efforts, and public lectures.