An Analysis of the Evolution and Structure of Supercell Storms and Tornadoes

摘要本研究涉及天气雷达和观测数据的持续分析，沿着三个主要重点领域：（1）记录超级单体风暴的演变，包括影响龙卷风发生和龙卷风演变的物理过程，（2）记录观测到的低层风场和龙卷风中的涡旋结构，以及（3）扩展基于雷达的龙卷风气候学。 考虑到在收集理解龙卷风发生、龙卷风演变和龙卷风风场结构所必需的高分辨率三维数据集方面的困难，拟议的工作有可能促进我们对龙卷风尺度过程的理解，特别是在有限数量的情况下，详细的表面-也可以进行基于观测的数据。知识产权经过多年的积累，之前收集的数据已经产生了一组独特的广泛的龙卷风风-实地测量。 从这项研究中获得的知识是至关重要的，因为龙卷风和风暴尺度上的个别情况的固有变化。 为了正确理解所涉及的动力学，需要收集（和分析）对龙卷风风暴的大量统计抽样的测量结果。 这项研究将进一步扩大该研究小组以前开发的龙卷风气候学中包括的案例数量。更广泛的影响这项研究将提高我们的知识与龙卷风相关的风场，使用这些风暴的现场观测的大型数据集。 这些知识将有助于完善龙卷风形成、动力学和演变的概念模型。 这项研究的重点是回答长期存在的问题，有关龙卷风的形成和龙卷风涡旋风结构。 这项研究将提高未来的风暴尺度数值天气预报工作。 研究人员将与全国各地的几所大学合作，将这一新知识注入到研究严重和龙卷风风暴的课程中。

AbstractThis study involves continued analysis of weather radar and observational data along three main focus areas: (1) documentation of supercell storm evolution including the physical processes that affect tornadogenesis and tornado evolution, (2) documentation of the observed low-level wind field and vortex structure in tornadoes, and (3) the expansion of a radar-based tornado climatology. Given the difficulties in collecting the high resolution three-dimensional data sets necessary to understand tornadogenesis, tornado evolution, and tornadic wind field structures, the proposed work has the potential to advance our understanding of tornado-scale processes, especially in the limited number of cases where detailed surface-based observations are also available.Intellectual MeritAccumulated over many years the previously collected data has produced a uniquely extensive set of tornado wind-field measurements. The knowledge gained from this study is critically important given the inherent variability of individual cases on both the tornado and storm scales. The collection (and analysis) of measurements of a statistically large sampling of tornadic storms is required to properly understand the dynamics involved. This study will further expand the number of cases included in the tornado climatology previously developed by this team of researchers. Broader ImpactsThis study will improve our knowledge of wind fields associated with tornadoes, using a large data set of field observations of these storms. This knowledge will help refine conceptual models of tornado formation, dynamics and evolution. This research is focused on answering long-standing questions relating to the formation of tornadoes and tornado vortex wind structure. The research performed in this study will improve future storm-scale numerical weather prediction efforts. The investigators will collaborate with several universities across the country, to infuse this new knowledge into the curriculum involved in the study of severe and tornadic storms.