Adolescent and Adult Lives of Children of Parents Returning From Prison

这项研究将调查从监狱回来的父母对他们的孩子的影响。如今父母被监禁的比率是20世纪70年代的四倍多。然而，自2009年以来，从监狱释放的人数超过了入院人数，这标志着被监禁的父母重返家庭和社区的新时代的开始。这项研究将增加关于父母回归过程的调查问题，这是一项独特的全国代表性研究的第五波，该研究追踪了自上世纪最后25年监禁人数增加以来，父母未被监禁和被监禁的孩子。该样本将允许对所有人口群体进行分析，包括母亲和女儿、父亲和儿子，以及继父母。这项研究将侧重于儿童在青春期和成年早期重新适应他们以前被监禁的父母的回归，评估这种回归是否以及在什么条件下与积极和消极的结果有关，例如，在教育成就和更广泛地成功过渡到工作和成年。这项研究将在一个关键的历史时刻捕捉到父母从监狱中前所未有地回归家庭和社会对儿童的影响。全国青少年健康纵向研究（Add Health）是这项研究的基础，它基于一个样本，其中14%的孩子有父亲，4%的孩子有曾经入狱或入狱的母亲。这些孩子将在他们生命中的五个阶段接受调查，从十几岁到30岁出头。这种详细的、重复的测量将使我们有可能仔细研究父母监禁的影响中的发病年龄、积累和同时性，例如，学校跟踪和辍学决定的时间和顺序以及工作、婚姻和养育结果。然后，可以根据家庭结构和司法系统接触的平行变化进程的时间安排，更广泛地考虑关于青少年和成年早期儿童结果的信息。这项研究将使用倾向评分和固定效应技术来彻底评估因果推论和逻辑上由父母选择入狱和重新入狱的可能性所构成的威胁。通过将父母监禁史添加到具有全国代表性和历史上独特的Add Health数据中，本研究将显着扩大机会，以了解从青春期到成年早期儿童发展的广泛过程和结果，以及与两代独特的美国父母和儿童的关系。没有其他数据集能够提供如此广泛的跨代测量可能性，以捕捉这一关键时刻，这是美国前所未有的高监禁和囚犯重返社会实验所带来的生命历程后果。

This research will investigate the impact of parents returning from prison on their children. Parents are incarcerated today at a rate more than four times higher than in the 1970s. However, since 2009 releases from prisons have become more numerous than admissions, marking the beginning of a new era of the return of imprisoned parents to their families and communities. This research will add survey questions about this process of parental return to the fifth wave of a unique nationally representative study that has tracked children of non-incarcerated and incarcerated parents since the rise of incarceration in the last quarter of the last century. The sample will allow analysis across all population groups, and for mothers and daughters as well as fathers and sons, and also for step-parents. The research will focus on the readjustment of children during adolescence and early adulthood to the return of their previously imprisoned parents, assessing whether and under what conditions this return is associated with positive and negative outcomes, for example, in educational attainment and successful transitions to work and adulthood more broadly. The research will capture at a crucial historical moment the consequences for children of an unprecedented return of parents from prison to their families and society. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health [Add Health] that is the foundation of this research is based on a sample in which 14 percent of the children have a father and four percent have a mother who has been in jail or prison. These children will have been surveyed at five points in their lives, from their early teens to their early 30s. This detailed, repeated measurement will make it possible to closely study the age of onset, accumulation, and simultaneity in the effects of parental imprisonment in relation to, for example, the timing and sequences of school tracking and dropout decisions and work, marriage and parenting outcomes. This information on the adolescent and early adult child outcomes can then be considered more broadly in relation to the timing of parallel processes of change in family structures and justice system contacts. The research will use propensity scoring and fixed effects techniques to thoroughly assess causal inferences and threats posed by logically prior possibilities of parental selection into imprisonment and reentry. By adding parental incarceration histories to the nationally representative and historically unique Add Health data, this research will markedly expand opportunities to understand wide ranging processes and outcomes in child development from adolescence through early adulthood and in relation to two unique generations of American parents and children. There is no other data set that offers such extensive cross generational measurement possibilities for capturing this crucial moment in the unfolding life course consequences of an unprecedented American experiment with high levels of imprisonment and prisoner reentry.