Uncertainty in Models of Authority and Models of Matching

提出的工作包括两部分：第一部分旨在提高我们对不完全信息下匹配结果稳定性的含义的理解。有大量文献使用匹配模型来分析双边市场，包括学生与学校、居民与医院以及工人与公司的匹配问题。分析匹配问题时常用的解决方案概念是核心。使用核心作为解决方案的概念包含了工人和公司之间拟议匹配的稳定性：如果拟议的结果不在核心中，我们预计结果将被两人打乱，这可能会共同改善他们的情况。匹配通常假设信息完整：所有各方都确切地知道任何可能的匹配会产生什么后果。这一假设是至关重要的，因为对于这些模型应用到的标准问题，参与的代理人关心他们匹配的一方的特征。PI建议扩展以前定义不完全信息环境下的成对稳定性的工作。这一领域拟议工作的主旨是调查如何修改所使用的技术，以理解多对一环境中的匹配。这一研究将有助于更好地理解员工与企业稳定匹配的条件以及这种匹配的效率特性。这样的理解将使人们对可能的干预措施有更深入的了解，这些干预措施将改善匹配问题的低效。完全信息匹配理论对分配学生到学校和居民到医院的机制的设计产生了重大影响。这项研究具有提高这些机制的经济绩效的潜力。在提案的第二部分中，私人投资机构提议对假定受这些法律约束的代理人遵循或不遵循法律的过程进行正式建模。他们认为，一些法律继续遵循了一段时间，尽管环境的变化影响了代理人遵守这些法律的动机，但很快就崩溃了，尽管环境似乎没有戏剧性的变化。私人投资机构建议将这一社会变化过程的模型正规化，使其与此类行为保持一致。

The proposed work consists of two parts: The first part aims to enhance our understanding of the implications of stability of matching outcomes under incomplete information. There is a voluminous literature using matching models to analyze two-sided markets, including problems of matching students to schools, residents to hospitals and workers to firms. The commonly employed solution concept when analyzing matching problems is the core. The use of the core as a solution concept incorporates the stability of a proposed matching between workers and firms: if the proposed outcome is not in the core, we would expect the outcome to be upset by the pair that could jointly improve their circumstances. Matching typically assumes complete information: all parties know exactly what the consequences would be for any possible match. The assumption is crucial because for the standard problems to which these models are applied, participating agents care about the characteristics of their matched party. The PIs propose to extend previous work that defines pairwise stability in incomplete information environments. The main thrust of the proposed work in this area is to investigate how the techniques used can be modified to understand matching in many-to-one environments. The research will provide a better understanding the conditions that assure that there are stable matching of workers to firms and the efficiency properties of such matching. Such an understanding will give insight about possible interventions that will ameliorate inefficiencies in matching problems. The complete information matching theory has had a significant impact on the design of the mechanisms used to assign student to schools and residents to hospitals. This research has the potential of improving the economic performance of these mechanisms. In the second part of the proposal the PIs propose to formally model the process by which laws are, or are not, followed by the agents assumed to be subject to those laws. They suggest that some laws continue to be followed for some time, despite changes in the environment that affect agents' incentives to follow those laws, but then collapse quickly even though there seems to beno dramatic change in the environment. The PIs propose to formalize models of this process of social change that are consistent with such behavior.